Graphene–polyamide-6 composite (GC) filament was 3D-printed via melt extrusion (ME). The influence of specimen thickness and internal geometric designs on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and dielectric properties in the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz) was investigated. Increasing specimen thickness from 1 to 5 mm did not improve EMI SE due to impedance matching and the associated reductions in electromagnetic (EM) wave reflection. It was demonstrated that the introduction of suitable internal geometric assemblies avoided impedance matching and significantly improved EMI SE. A material model for simulating EM response of 3D-printed GC was developed and experimentally verified. It was found that different internal geometric designs each displayed unique EM responses. However, geometrical inaccuracies in printed specimens resulted in differences between experimental EM response and that predicted by simulations. These inaccuracies stem from the small size of the features relative to the printer resolution and the ME printing methodology. Therefore, the limitations of a printer when replicating complex geometries must be considered to effectively apply internal geometric designs for enhancing EMI SE of 3D-printed components.

石墨烯-聚酰胺6复合材料（GC）丝通过熔体挤出（ME）3D打印。研究了样品厚度和内部几何设计对X波段频率范围（8.2-12.4 GHz）中的电磁干扰屏蔽效果（EMI SE）和介电性能的影响。由于阻抗匹配以及相应的电磁波（EM）反射减少，将样品厚度从1mm增加到5mm并不能改善EMI。事实证明，引入合适的内部几何组件可避免阻抗匹配，并显着改善EMI SE。开发了用于模拟3D打印GC的EM响应的材料模型，并进行了实验验证。发现不同的内部几何设计均显示出独特的EM响应。然而，印刷样本中的几何误差导致实验EM响应与模拟预测的响应之间存在差异。这些不准确之处是由于相对于打印机分辨率和ME打印方法而言，功能部件的尺寸较小。因此，必须考虑复制复杂几何图形时打印机的局限性，以有效地应用内部几何图形设计来增强3D打印组件的EMI SE。