Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is significant in the growth, development and stress resistance of plants. We identified the cucumber TPS family and its physicochemical properties, domains, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, gene locations, cis-acting elements, conserved motifs, and expression patterns using bioinformatics. Our results uncovered seven CsTPS genes in the cucumber genome and named CsTPS1–CsTPS7 according to their locations in the chromosomes. Seven CsTPS genes were randomly distributed in six cucumber chromosomes. Domain analysis showed that the TPS and TPP domains exist in all CsTPSs, and an additional hydrolase-3 domain exist in CsTPS3, CsTPS5 and CsTPS6. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TPS proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, soybean, and cucumber were divided into two subfamilies (Class I and Class II) and they were further divided into seven subgroups. TPS proteins from Arabidopsis and cucumber were grouped together, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. Gene structure analysis indicated that most Class I genes contained 16–17 introns, while Class II genes (except CsTPS7) had two introns. Motif analysis showed that Class II genes had 10 complete conserved motifs, while Class I genes lacked motif 8 and motif 9. Furthermore, CsTPS genes possessed numerous cis-acting elements related to stress, hormone, and light response in the promoter regions. GO analysis indicated multiple functions for the CsTPS proteins. Expression analysis of CsTPS genes in different tissues found that they were expressed in roots, stems and leaves, with the highest expression levels in roots. The expression analysis of CsTPSs under different treatments showed that CsTPS genes may participate in the response to abiotic stress, plant hormones and sugar treatments.

中文翻译：

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黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）海藻糖6-磷酸合酶（TPS）基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达分析

6磷酸海藻糖合酶（TPS）在植物的生长，发育和抗逆性方面具有重要意义。我们使用生物信息学鉴定了黄瓜TPS家族及其理化特性，结构域，基因结构，进化关系，基因位置，顺式作用元件，保守基序和表达模式。我们的研究结果在黄瓜基因组中发现了7个CsTPS基因，并根据它们在染色体中的位置命名为CsTPS1-CsTPS7。七个CsTPS基因随机分布在六个黄瓜染色体中。结构域分析表明，所有CsTPS中都存在TPS和TPP结构域，而CsTPS3，CsTPS5和CsTPS6中存在一个额外的hydrolyase-3结构域。系统发育分析表明，TPS蛋白来自拟南芥，大米，大豆，黄瓜和黄瓜被分为两个亚科（I类和II类），并进一步分为七个亚类。来自拟南芥和黄瓜的TPS蛋白被分组在一起，表明密切的进化关系。基因结构分析表明，大多数I类基因包含16-17个内含子，而II类基因（CsTPS7除外）具有两个内含子。母题分析表明，II类基因具有10个完整的保守基序，而I类基因则缺乏8号和9号基序。此外，CsTPS基因在启动子区域具有许多与应激，激素和光反应有关的顺式作用元件。GO分析表明CsTPS蛋白具有多种功能。CsTPS基因在不同组织中的表达分析发现，它们在根，茎和叶中表达，在根中表达水平最高。