Groundwater is a valuable resource because it is widely used for drinking, and for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Globally, Saudi Arabia is known to be one of the driest regions with scarce water resources. The shallow groundwater near the major cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is becoming polluted because of industrial effluent discharge, use of fertilizers in agriculture and domestic sewerage in the region. This review tries to focus on groundwater quality problems due to anthropogenic or geogenic sources in the region of Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we focus on different water-quality variables, for groundwater quality evaluation and aquifer vulnerability assessment due to pollutants/contaminants present in groundwater. The current study gives a holistic understanding of different groundwater quality problems and therefore identifies the gaps of the previous studies and identifies the viewpoints of the future research dimensions. We describe the different groundwater quality problems related to toxicities of the fluoride, nitrate, and heavy metals and radionuclides in Saudi Arabia. A majority of the groundwater pollutants are of natural origin, but there is significant wastewater effluent discharge in the region that is also responsible for contamination of aquifers with heavy metals.

中文翻译：

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沙特阿拉伯王国的地下水水质研究：普遍的研究和管理维度

地下水是一种宝贵的资源，因为它被广泛用于饮用水以及家庭，农业和工业用途。在全球范围内，沙特阿拉伯被认为是水资源匮乏的最干旱地区之一。沙特阿拉伯王国主要城市附近的浅层地下水由于该地区的工业废水排放，化肥在农业中的使用以及家庭污水的污染而受到污染。这篇综述试图着重于沙特阿拉伯地区由于人为或地源造成的地下水质量问题。在本文中，我们关注于不同的水质变量，用于地下水质量评估和地下水中污染物/污染物引起的含水层脆弱性评估。本研究对不同的地下水水质问题提供了全面的了解，因此可以确定以前研究的差距，并可以确定未来研究范围的观点。我们描述了与沙特阿拉伯的氟化物，硝酸盐，重金属和放射性核素的毒性有关的不同地下水质量问题。大多数地下水污染物是自然来源的，但该地区有大量废水排放，这也导致含水层被重金属污染。