Gas-induced geodynamic phenomena can occur during underground mining operations if the porous structure of the rock is filled with gas at high pressure. In such cases, the original compact rock structure disintegrates into grains of small dimensions, which are then transported along the mine working space. Such geodynamic events, particularly outbursts of gas and rock, pose a danger both to the life of miners and to the functioning of the mine infrastructure. These incidents are rare in copper ore mining, but they have recently begun to occur, and have not yet been fully investigated. To ensure the safety of mining operations, it is necessary to determine parameters of the rock–gas system for which the energy of the gas will be smaller than the work required to disintegrate and transport the rock. Such a comparison is referred to as an energy balance and serves as a starting point for all engineering analyses. During mining operations, the equilibrium of the rock–gas system is disturbed, and the rapid destruction of the rock is initiated together with sudden decompression of the gas contained in its porous structure. The disintegrated rock is then transported along the mine working space in a stream of released gas. Estimation of the energy of the gas requires investigation of the type of thermodynamic transformation involved in the process. In this case, adiabatic transformation would mean that the gas, cooled in the course of decompression, remains at a temperature significantly lower than that of the surrounding rocks throughout the process. However, if we assume that the transformation is isothermal, then the cooled gas will heat up to the original temperature of the rock in a very short time (<1 s). Because the quantity of energy in the case of isothermal transformation is almost three times as high as in the adiabatic case, obtaining the correct energy balance for gas-induced geodynamic phenomena requires detailed analysis of this question. For this purpose, a unique experimental study was carried out to determine the time required for heat exchange in conditions of very rapid flows of gas around rock grains of different sizes. Numerical simulations reproducing the experiments were also designed. The results of the experiment and the simulation were in good agreement, indicating a very fast rate of heat exchange. Taking account of the parameters of the experiment, the thermodynamic transformation may be considered to be close to isothermal.

中文翻译：

---

从气体地球动力学现象看岩石与流动气体之间的热交换强度

如果岩石的多孔结构充满高压气体，则在地下采矿作业期间可能会发生气体诱发的地球动力学现象。在这种情况下，原始的致密岩石结构会分解成小尺寸的颗粒，然后沿着矿山的工作空间运输。这种地球动力学事件，特别是瓦斯和岩石的爆发，对矿工的生命和矿山基础设施的运行都构成了威胁。这些事件在铜矿开采中很少见，但它们最近才开始发生，并且尚未得到充分调查。为了确保采矿作业的安全，必须确定岩气系统的参数，其气体能量将小于分解和运输岩石所需的功。这样的比较称为能量平衡，并作为所有工程分析的起点。在采矿作业中，岩气系统的平衡被破坏，岩石的快速破坏与多孔结构中所含气体的突然减压一起开始。然后，崩解的岩石以释放的气体流的形式沿矿山工作空间运输。气体能量的估计需要研究过程中涉及的热力学转变的类型。在这种情况下，绝热转化将意味着在减压过程中冷却的气体在整个过程中保持的温度明显低于周围岩石的温度。但是，如果我们假设转化是等温的，则冷却后的气体将在很短的时间内（<1 s）加热到岩石的原始温度。因为在等温变换情况下的能量几乎是绝热情况的三倍，所以要针对气体诱发的地球动力学现象获得正确的能量平衡，需要对此问题进行详细分析。为此，进行了一项独特的实验研究，以确定在不同尺寸的岩石周围非常快速的气体流动条件下进行热交换所需的时间。还设计了模拟实验的数值模拟。实验结果与模拟结果吻合良好，表明热交换速率非常快。考虑到实验的参数，