This paper explores the spatial variations of the statistical scaling features of low to high latitude geomagnetic field fluctuations at Swarm altitude. The data for this study comes from the vector field magnetometer onboard Swarm A satellite, measured at low resolution (1 Hz) for one year (from 9 March 2016, to 9 March 2017). We estimated the structure-function scaling exponents using the p-leaders discrete wavelet multifractal technique, from which we obtained the singularity spectrum related to the magnetic fluctuations in the North-East-Center (NEC) coordinate system. From this estimation, we retain just the maximal fractal subset, associated with the Hurst exponent H. Here we present thresholding for two levels of the Auroral Electrojet index and almost the whole northern and southern hemispheres, the Hurst exponent, the structure-function scaling exponent of order 2, and the multifractal p-exponent width for the geomagnetic fluctuations. The latter quantifies the relevance of the multifractal property. Sometimes, we found negative values of H, suggesting a behavior similar to wave breaking or shocklet-like propagating front. Furthermore, we found some asymmetries in the magnetic field turbulence between the northern and southern hemispheres. These estimations suggest that different turbulent regimes of the geomagnetic field fluctuations exist along the Swarm path.

中文翻译：

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群体高度南北半球地磁场波动的多重分形特征

本文探讨了在群高处从低纬度到高纬度地磁场波动的统计定标特征的空间变化。这项研究的数据来自Swarm A卫星上的矢量场磁力仪，以低分辨率（1 Hz）进行了为期一年的测量（从2016年3月9日到2017年3月9日）。我们使用p- leaders离散小波多重分形技术估计了结构函数缩放指数，由此获得了与东北中心（NEC）坐标系中的磁波动有关的奇异谱。根据此估计，我们仅保留与Hurst指数H相关的最大分形子集。在这里，我们给出了两个极光电喷射指数以及几乎整个北半球和南半球的阈值，赫斯特指数，2阶的结构函数缩放指数以及地磁涨落的多重分形p指数宽度。后者量化了多重分形特性的相关性。有时，我们发现H为负值，表明其行为类似于波浪破碎或类似激波的传播锋面。此外，我们在北半球和南半球之间的磁场湍流中发现了一些不对称性。这些估计表明，沿着Swarm路径存在地磁场波动的不同湍流状态。