Graphene quantum dots (GQD) and carbon quantum dots (CQD) were employed to develop the patterned GQD/CQD/poly[benzodithiophene-bis(decyltetradecyl-thien) naphthothiadiazole] (PBDT-DTNT) short/long chain, crab-like GQD/semicrab-like CQD/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) short chain, and pellet-like GQD/CQD/P3HT long chain supramolecules. Nanostructures were used in roles of modifier, donor, and acceptor constituents in ternary (PBDT-DTNT:[6,6]-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)) and binary photoactive layers. Application of pre-designed patterned quantum dot (QD)/PBDT-DTNT short chain nano-hybrids as morphology modifier promoted the performance up to 4.79%. P3HT-based supramolecules acted conspicuously better than PBDT-DTNT ones. The highest efficacies of 7.14 and 6.24% were detected in PBDT-DTNT:PC71BM:GQD/P3HT short chain (14.63 mA cm^–2, 68.71%, 0.71 V and 287 Ω cm²) and PBDT-DTNT:PC71BM:CQD/P3HT short chain (13.35 mA cm^–2, 66.79%, 0.70 V and 447 Ω cm²) systems, respectively. In addition to ternary photovoltaics, the binary devices were fabricated using the QDs and their associated supramolecules as donor and acceptor agents. Exactly similar to ternary cells, the crab/semicrab-like and pellet-like nano-hybrids, acted better than the PBDT-DTNT patterned nano-hybrids. The best results were recorded for PBDT-DTNT:GQD/P3HT short chain (2.93%) and PBDT-DTNT:CQD/P3HT short chain (2.67%) solar cells. In second type of binary photovoltaics, the QDs and their correlated supramolecules were utilized as electron donor and a maximum performance of 0.22% was acquired.

石墨烯量子点（GQD）和碳量子点（CQD）用于开发图案化的GQD / CQD /聚[苯并二噻吩-双（癸基十四烷基-噻吩）萘噻二唑]（PBDT-DTNT）短/长链，蟹状GQD /半蟹状CQD /聚（3-己基噻吩）（P3HT）短链和粒状GQD / CQD / P3HT长链超分子。纳米结构用于三元改性剂（PBDT-DTNT：[6,6]-苯基-C71丁酸甲酯（PC71BM））和二元光敏层中的改性剂，供体和受体成分。预先设计的图案化量子点（QD）/ PBDT-DTNT短链纳米杂化体作为形态改性剂，可将性能提高到4.79％。基于P3HT的超分子的性能明显优于PBDT-DTNT。在PBDT-DTNT：PC71BM：GQD / P3HT短链（14.63 mA cm^-2，68.71％，0.71 V和287Ω厘米²）和PBDT-DTNT：PC71BM：CQD / P3HT短链（13.35毫安厘米^-2，66.79％，0.70 V和447Ω厘米²）系统中，分别。除了三元光伏外，还使用量子点及其相关的超分子作为供体和受体试剂制造了二元器件。与三元细胞完全相似，蟹/半蟹状和丸状纳米杂合体的性能优于PBDT-DTNT图案化的纳米杂合体。PBDT-DTNT：GQD / P3HT短链（2.93％）和PBDT-DTNT：CQD / P3HT短链（2.67％）的太阳能电池记录了最佳结果。在第二种类型的二元光伏中，量子点及其相关的超分子被用作电子给体，获得的最大性能为0.22％。