Global environmental change is causing increases in soil temperatures and alternations in precipitation patterns, which are affecting soil biota in natural and managed systems. Arable soils, generally disturbed due to management practice, are particularly sensitive to a changing environment. However, little is known how warming interacts with precipitation pattern to affect soil fauna and thereby ecosystem functions. In an arable system, we investigated the interactions of soil warming and altered precipitation amount and frequency on soil conditions and health using nematodes as bioindicators. Our findings showed that the nematode population density was significantly increased by warming and decreased by reduced precipitation frequency. Warming mainly fostered the density of fungal feeders and obligatory plant parasites, with the latter suggesting higher crop damage. Root-associated plant feeders were further affected by changes in precipitation pattern; their density declined with reduced precipitation frequency and increased with the alternated precipitation amount. The nematode abundance was generally low in the arable ecosystem and remained stable under the simulated environmental change. In response to warming, the major soil decomposition channel via bacteria was reduced, and the fungal mediated pathway fostered, implying more fungal dominated depleted and degraded soil conditions. Soil decomposition pathways were not affected by altered precipitation pattern, neither by amount nor by frequency. Overall, warming and precipitation independently altered the soil nematode fauna and the functioning of belowground food webs. Therefore, our study highlights the need for more research considering the interactions of environmental variables to see if this lack is a general pattern and to develop strategies for agroecosystem's management under climate change.

全球环境变化正在导致土壤温度升高和降水方式变化，从而影响自然系统和管理系统中的土壤生物。通常由于管理实践而受到干扰的可耕土壤对变化的环境特别敏感。然而，鲜为人知的是变暖如何与降水模式相互作用以影响土壤动物，进而影响生态系统功能。在一个可耕系统中，我们使用线虫作为生物指标，研究了土壤变暖和降水量和频率变化对土壤状况和健康的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，线虫的种群密度通过变暖而显着增加，而通过减少降水频率而降低。气候变暖主要是为了增加真菌饲养者和强制性植物寄生虫的密度，后者表明对作物的损害更大。根系相关的植物饲养者进一步受到降水模式变化的影响。它们的密度随着降水频率的降低而下降，并随着交替的降水量而增加。在可耕生态系统中，线虫的丰度通常较低，在模拟环境变化下线虫的丰度保持稳定。响应变暖，主要的土壤分解通道通过细菌减少，并促进了真菌介导的途径，这意味着更多的真菌占主导的枯竭和退化的土壤条件。土壤分解途径不受降水方式变化的影响，无论是数量还是频率都没有。总体而言，变暖和降水独立地改变了土壤线虫的动物区系和地下食物网的功能。因此，我们的研究强调需要考虑环境变量之间的相互作用进行更多研究，以了解这种缺乏是否是普遍现象，并制定应对气候变化的农业生态系统管理策略。