The main goal of this research was to explore whether migraineurs had a higher level of perceived stress than healthy controls during the times of the coronavirus and related restrictive measures, and to examine the relationship between different subtypes of rumination and perceived stress in these groups. We measured two facets of depressive rumination, brooding and reflection, along with rumination about the current COVID-19 situation to see whether these different subtypes of rumination explained perceived stress among migraineurs and healthy controls. Healthy adults (n = 64) and migraine patients (n = 73) filled out self-report questionnaires online. A multiple linear regression model was used to test whether depressive rumination (i.e. brooding and reflection) and COVID-related rumination explained perceived stress among adults with and without migraine during the times of COVID-19, after controlling for gender, age, migraine/control group status and migraine disability. Although we did not find any difference in the level of perceived stress among migraineurs and the control group, perceived stress was more strongly associated with brooding as well as COVID-related rumination among migraineurs than healthy controls. COVID-related rumination and brooding (but not reflection) explained the level of perceived stress after controlling for gender, age, migraine/control group status and migraine disability. The similar degree of perceived stress among migraineurs and the control group may imply that there is great variation in the personal experience of people regarding the pandemic, that may be determined by numerous other factors. Our results demonstrate that ruminating about the pandemic and related difficulties, as well as brooding (but not reflection) appear to be associated with higher level of perceived stress during the times of the coronavirus. This association was slightly stronger among migraineurs, hinting at the increased vulnerability of this patient group in stressful situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results also suggest that ruminating about the pandemic and its consequences is weakly associated with trait-level depressive rumination, thus may be more contingent on specific factors.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19时代的感知压力：成人偏头痛和不偏头痛与育雏和与COVID相关的反刍联系

这项研究的主要目的是探讨在冠状病毒和相关限制措施期间，偏头痛移民是否比健康对照者具有更高的感知压力水平，并研究这些群体中不同亚型的反刍与感知压力之间的关系。我们测量了抑郁性反省，沉思和反思的两个方面，以及关于当前COVID-19情况的反省，以查看这些不同的反刍亚型是否解释了偏头痛患者和健康对照者的感知压力。健康成人（n = 64）和偏头痛患者（n = 73）在线填写了自我报告调查表。多元线性回归模型用于测试抑郁性反刍（即 （思考和思考）和与COVID相关的反省解释了在控制了性别，年龄，偏头痛/对照组状态和偏头痛残疾之后，在有或没有偏头痛的成年人中，在有或没有偏头痛的情况下感觉到的压力。尽管我们在偏头痛者和对照组之间没有发现感知压力水平的任何差异，但与健康对照组相比，偏头痛中感知压力与育雏以及与COVID相关的反刍作用更紧密相关。与COVID相关的反省和沉思（而非反思）解释了在控制了性别，年龄，偏头痛/对照组状态和偏头痛残疾之后的感知压力水平。移民和对照组之间感觉到的压力程度相似，这可能意味着人们在大流行方面的个人经历差异很大，这可能由许多其他因素决定。我们的结果表明，在冠状病毒时代，对大流行和相关困难的反思以及沉思（而不是反思）似乎与更高水平的感知压力有关。在移民中，这种关联性稍强一些，表明在压力较大的情况下（例如COVID-19大流行），该患者群体的脆弱性增加了。我们的结果还表明，关于大流行及其后果的反省与特质水平的抑郁反省关系不大，因此可能更取决于特定因素。冠状病毒时代，沉思和沉思（而不是反思）似乎与更高水平的感知压力有关。在移民中，这种关联性稍强一些，表明在压力较大的情况下（例如COVID-19大流行），该患者群体的脆弱性增加了。我们的结果还表明，关于大流行及其后果的反省与特质水平的抑郁反省关系不大，因此可能更取决于特定因素。冠状病毒时代，沉思和沉思（而不是反思）似乎与更高水平的感知压力有关。在移民中，这种关联性稍强一些，表明在压力较大的情况下（例如COVID-19大流行），该患者群体的脆弱性增加了。我们的结果还表明，关于大流行及其后果的反省与特质水平的抑郁反省关系不大，因此可能更取决于特定因素。