Despite peer involvement having a positive impact on help-seeking behavior, there is a lack of a scale quantifying the possibility of an individual intervening upon noticing peers who show signs of depression. The aims of this study were to (1) develop a bystander intervention scale for depression that assesses the likelihood of university students intervening when a peer shows signs of depression based on the theory of bystander intervention, (2) identify the underlying factors contributing to the behavior, and (3) explore the socio-demographic correlates of the scale. The proposed scale, the Bystander Intervention Scale for Depression (BISD), is a 17-item self-reported questionnaire that was developed based on existing bystander intervention theory and inputs from mental health experts. Data was collected as part of a larger study to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention amongst university students from a local university. A total of 392 participants were recruited. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to identify the underlying factor structure. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore the socio-demographic correlates of the scale. Four key factors were identified for the proposed scale: (1) Awareness of depression among peers; (2) Vigilance towards possible symptoms of depression; (3) Knowledge on how to intervene; (4) Acceptance of responsibility to intervene. Having experience in the mental health field was associated with all factors while having family members or friends with mental illness was associated with all factors except for knowledge on how to intervene. Students of older age were associated with higher vigilance towards possible symptoms of depression and knowledge on how to intervene. Those of non-Chinese ethnicity were associated with acceptance of responsibility to intervene. This study provides a preliminary tool to assess bystander intervention in depression amongst university students. This study identifies sub-groups of the student population that require more education to intervene with depressed peers and also informs the development of future strategies.

中文翻译：

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新加坡大学生抑郁症旁观者干预量表的初步编制和社会人口统计学相关性的检查

尽管同伴的参与对寻求帮助的行为有积极的影响，但是缺乏一种量化个体对参加者表现出沮丧迹象的干预可能性的量表。这项研究的目的是（1）建立旁观者​​干预抑郁量表，根据旁观者干预理论，评估当同伴显示出抑郁迹象时大学生干预的可能性；（2）确定造成抑郁的旁因干预量表。行为，以及（3）探索该量表的社会人口统计相关性。拟议的量表，即“抑郁者旁观者干预量表”（BISD），是一项17项自我报告的问卷，是根据现有的旁观者干预理论和心理健康专家的意见而制定的。数据收集是一项大型研究的一部分，目的是评估当地大学在大学生中进行抗耻辱感干预的有效性。总共招募了392名参与者。探索性因素分析进行​​了确定潜在的因素结构。进行了多元线性回归，以探索该量表的社会人口统计相关性。拟议的量表确定了四个关键因素：（1）同伴之间的抑郁意识；（2）警惕可能出现的抑郁症状；（3）了解如何进行干预；（4）接受干预的责任。有心理健康领域的经验与所有因素有关，而有家人或患有精神疾病的朋友则与所有因素有关，但有关如何干预的知识除外。年龄较大的学生对抑郁症的可能症状以及如何进行干预的知识保持较高的警惕性。非华裔与接受干预的责任有关。这项研究提供了一个初步的工具，以评估大学生对抑郁症的旁观者干预。这项研究确定了需要接受更多教育以干预沮丧的同龄人的学生群体，并为未来战略的发展提供了信息。