This paper integrates the first rock art directly dated with radiocarbon (14C) in Southeast Asia with the archaeological activity in the area and with stylistically similar rock art in the region. Peñablanca is a hotspot of archaeological research that includes the oldest dates for human remains in the Philippines. The caves in Peñablanca with known rock art were revisited and only 37.6% of the original recorded figures were found; the others are likely lost to agents of deterioration. A sample was collected from an anthropomorph and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dated to 3570–3460 cal BP. The date corresponds to archaeological activity in the area and provides a more holistic view of the people inhabiting the Peñablanca caves at that time. A systematic review was used to find similar black anthropomorph motifs in Southeast Asia to identify potential connections across the region and provide a possible chronological association.

中文翻译：

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东南亚首个直接定年的岩石艺术及其考古意义

本文整合了第一幅直接用放射性碳测定年代的岩画（14C）在东南亚，该地区的考古活动和该地区风格相似的岩石艺术。佩尼亚布兰卡是考古研究的热点，其中包括菲律宾最古老的人类遗骸日期。重新审视了佩尼亚布兰卡已知岩石艺术的洞穴，仅发现了原始记录数字的 37.6%；其他的很可能会被恶化的因素所破坏。从可追溯到 3570-3460 cal BP 的拟人化和加速器质谱仪 (AMS) 收集样本。该日期对应于该地区的考古活动，并提供了当时居住在佩尼亚布兰卡洞穴中的人们的更全面的看法。