Humans have a unique ability to coordinate their rhythmic behaviors with those of others. Previous studies have demonstrated the early development of spontaneous responses to external rhythmic stimuli; however, there is little evidence regarding when and how infants begin to adjust their movement tempo and synchronize it with that of others, due to the difficulty of detecting continuous rhythmic movements of infants in a laboratory setting. In the current study, we analyzed children in age-groups of 18, 30, and 42 months and adapted a joint-drumming task used by Kirschner and Tomasello (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009, 102, 299–314). The children were enticed to play the drum under four conditions (Speed: 400 or 600 ms ISI; Partner: mother or robot). The results demonstrated that children's ability to adjust their tempo and synchronize with that of 600 ms ISI, which is slower than the spontaneous motor tempo of children at these ages, starts to develop at around 30-month-olds. We also found early evidence of this ability in 18-month-old infants who drummed with their mother. These findings indicate that children's ability for rhythmic coordination develops dynamically between 18 and 30 months of age, and a child's social partner plays an important role in facilitating this development.

中文翻译：

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联合击鼓过程中节奏调整和同步的早期发展：一项对 18 至 42 个月大儿童的研究

人类有一种独特的能力来协调他们与他人的有节奏的行为。先前的研究已经证明了对外部节律刺激的自发反应的早期发展。然而，由于在实验室环境中难以检测婴儿的连续有节奏运动，因此几乎没有证据表明婴儿何时以及如何开始调整他们的运动节奏并将其与其他人的节奏同步。在当前的研究中，我们分析了 18、30 和 42 个月年龄段的儿童，并改编了 Kirschner 和 Tomasello 使用的联合击鼓任务（Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，2009 年，102, 299–314)。孩子们被引诱在四种条件下打鼓（速度：400 或 600 毫秒 ISI；伙伴：母亲或机器人）。结果表明，儿童调整节奏和与 600 ms ISI 同步的能力比这些年龄段儿童的自发运动节奏慢，在 30 个月大左右开始发展。我们还在与母亲一起打鼓的 18 个月大的婴儿身上发现了这种能力的早期证据。这些发现表明，儿童的节奏协调能力在 18 到 30 个月大之间动态发展，儿童的社会伙伴在促进这种发展方面发挥着重要作用。