Globally, anthropogenic sound and artificial light pollution have increased to alarming levels. Evidence suggests that these can disrupt critical processes that impact ecosystems and human health. However, limited focus has been given to the potential effects of sound and artificial light pollution on microbiomes. Microbial communities are the foundations of our ecosystems. They are essential for human health and provide myriad ecosystem services. Therefore, disruption to microbiomes by anthropogenic sound and artificial light could have important ecological and human health implications. In this mini-review, we provide a critical appraisal of available scientific literature on the effects of anthropogenic sound and light exposure on microorganisms and discuss the potential ecological and human health implications. Our mini-review shows that a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic sound and light pollution on microbiomes. However, based on these studies, it is evident that anthropogenic sound and light pollution have the potential to significantly influence ecosystems and human health via microbial interactions. Many of the studies suffered from modest sample sizes, suboptimal experiments designs, and some of the bioinformatics approaches used are now outdated. These factors should be improved in future studies. This is an emerging and severely underexplored area of research that could have important implications for global ecosystems and public health. Finally, we also propose the photo-sonic restoration hypothesis: does restoring natural levels of light and sound help to restore microbiomes and ecosystem stability?

中文翻译：

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人为的声音和人造光暴露对微生物群落的影响：生态和公共卫生意义。

在全球范围内，人为的声音和人造光污染已提高到令人震惊的水平。有证据表明，这些可能破坏影响生态系统和人类健康的关键过程。但是，有限的关注已经集中在声音和人造光污染对微生物群落的潜在影响上。微生物群落是我们生态系统的基础。它们对人类健康至关重要，并提供无数的生态系统服务。因此，人为的声音和人造光对微生物群落的破坏可能会对生态和人类健康产生重要影响。在这份小型回顾中，我们对人为的声光暴露对微生物的影响进行了现有科学文献的严格评估，并讨论了潜在的生态和人类健康影响。我们的小型审查显示，已经进行了少量研究来调查人为的声和光污染对微生物群落的影响。但是，基于这些研究，很明显，人为的声音和光污染具有通过微生物相互作用显着影响生态系统和人类健康的潜力。许多研究都受到样本量适中，实验设计欠佳以及所使用的某些生物信息学方法的过时的困扰。这些因素应在以后的研究中加以改进。这是一个新兴的且研究严重不足的领域，可能对全球生态系统和公共卫生产生重要影响。最后，我们还提出了声波恢复假说：