Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) includes many classes of labile compounds available for microbial decomposition or, conversely, stable compounds protected from biodegradation by biological, chemical, and physical stabilization. It is believed that the more thermal energy is spent on the destruction of soil organic matter, the more stable and more resistant for biodegradation it is. We compared the thermal and biological stabilities of organic matter in eleven soil types from deciduous forest, forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert bioclimatic areas of the European Russia. According to the activation energy (E_a), the highest SOM thermal stability was typical of the ordinary chernozem and meadow vertic soil. The lowest SOM thermal stability was found for gray forest soil; other soil types were characterized by an intermediate resistance towards thermal oxidation. The thermally labile pool (<390–400°C) of organic matter in soils was on the average 41% (32–60%) of the total SOM, while the thermally stable pool (>390–400°C) was on the average 59% (40–68%). The SOM biological stability estimated by the ratio of potentially mineralizable organic matter to that resistant to mineralization (biological stability index) decreased in the following order: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic, Pachic)) > meadow vertic soil (Pellic Vertisol (Gleyic, Humic)) > gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem (Loamic)) = meadow chestnut soil (Gleyic Kastanozem (Chromic)) > meadow solonetz (Endosalic Gleyic Solonetz (Loamic, Cutanic)) > alluvial meadow soil (Eutric Fluvisol (Humic, Oxyaquic)). The potentially mineralizable SOM pool in the studied soils was 6–27-fold lower as compared with the pool of thermally labile SOM, and the parameters that characterize SOM thermal stability did not correlate with the biological stability index. Thus, SOM thermal lability is not identical to its biodegradability.

中文翻译：

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利用衍生化和长期温育方法研究土壤有机质的稳定性

摘要

土壤有机物（SOM）包括许多类型的不稳定化合物，可用于微生物分解，或者相反，是稳定的化合物，可通过生物，化学和物理稳定作用保护其免受生物降解。可以相信，越多的热能被用于破坏土壤有机质，它越稳定并且对生物降解的抵抗力就越大。我们比较了欧洲俄罗斯的落叶林，森林草原，草原和半沙漠生物气候区的11种土壤类型中有机物的热稳定性和生物稳定性。根据活化能（E _a），最高的SOM热稳定性是普通黑钙石和草甸垂直土壤的典型特征。灰色森林土壤的SOM热稳定性最低。其他土壤类型的特征是对热氧化具有中等抵抗力。土壤中有机物的热不稳定库（<390–400°C）平均占总SOM的41％（32–60％），而热稳定库（> 390–400°C）在土壤有机质上。平均59％（40–68％）。由潜在可矿化有机物与抗矿化性的比率（生物稳定性指数）估算的SOM生物稳定性按以下顺序降低：普通黑钙石（Haplic Chernozem（Loamic，Pachic））>草甸垂直土壤（Pellic Vertisol（Gleyic，腐殖质））> 灰色森林土壤（Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem（Loamic））=板栗土壤（Gleyic Kastanozem（Chromic））>草地solonetz（Endosalic Gleyic Solonetz（Loamic，Cutanic））>冲积草甸土壤（Eutric Fluvisol（Humic，Oxyaquic））。与热不稳定的SOM池相比，研究土壤中可能矿化的SOM池低6–27倍，表征SOM热稳定性的参数与生物学稳定性指标不相关。因此，SOM热不稳定性与其生物降解性不同。表征SOM热稳定性的参数与生物学稳定性指标不相关。因此，SOM热不稳定性与其生物降解性不同。表征SOM热稳定性的参数与生物学稳定性指标不相关。因此，SOM热不稳定性与其生物降解性不同。