Abstract

Widespread industrial pollution and its serious ecological and economic consequences make it urgent to develop and refine approaches to remediation of soils as a key ecosystem component. The long-term impact of atmospheric emissions from nonferrous metallurgy enterprises in Monchegorsk (Murmansk region) resulted in the formation of technogenic barrens with contaminated and highly degraded soils near the pollution source. During long-term monitoring, the current status and dynamics of soil properties have been assessed on permanent control plots on barrens and in birch and willow plantations after remediation performed in 2003–2008 by two methods: chemophytostabilization and covering of contaminated soils by an artificially created fertile layer. The research data of 2011, 2015, and 2018 indicate the continuing acidification of soils and their contamination by heavy metals. Despite the reduction in emissions, the concentrations of available heavy metals in the topsoil of barrens and chemophytostabilized plots do not decrease, and the constructed layers accumulate nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, cadmium, lead, and manganese. The nutrient supply of soils is steadily improved only when a fertile layer is applied. According to the results of the multivariate analysis, the soils of barrens and remediation plots are clearly separated in the space of the first two principal components as the soil properties are improved during remediation, and the positions of chemophytostabilization plots reflect the unstable improvements. Recommendations for the development of a strategy and diversification of methods for remediation of technogenic barrens should take into account different levels of soil pollution and degradation in the vicinity of nonferrous metallurgy enterprises and the need to comply with technological requirements and perform supporting measures.

中文翻译：

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科拉亚北极技术性贫瘠土壤的修复：现状和长期动态

摘要

广泛的工业污染及其严重的生态和经济后果使得迫切需要开发和完善土壤修复方法，将其作为生态系统的关键组成部分。蒙切哥尔斯克（摩尔曼斯克州）有色冶金企业的大气排放物的长期影响导致在污染源附近形成了技术贫瘠的土地，土壤贫瘠，污染严重。在长期监测期间，通过两种方法对2003年至2008年进行修复的荒地以及桦树和柳树人工林的永久控制地上的土壤现状和动态进行了评估，方法是化学稳定化和人工污染覆盖土壤肥沃的一层。2011年，2015年的研究数据，和2018年表明土壤持续酸化和重金属污染。尽管减少了排放量，但贫瘠的土地和化学稳定化地块的表层土壤中有效重金属的浓度并没有减少，并且所构造的层中积累了镍，铜，钴，铁，镉，铅和锰。只有施用肥沃的土壤，土壤的养分供应才能稳定地提高。根据多变量分析的结果，由于修复过程中土壤性质的改善，贫瘠土地和修复区的土壤在前两个主要成分的空间中明显分离，而化学植物稳定区的位置反映了不稳定的改善。