While knowledge coproduction between climate scientists and climate information users has become a common theme in the climate services discourse, the interface between climate service providers and users is an aspect of climate services projects that still calls for more attention. This is due in part to the dominance of the physical sciences in these projects, as well as the prevalence of an instrumental and narrow interpretation of coproduction. Following up on the World Meteorological Organisation’s Guidance on Good Practices for Climate Services User Engagement, and incorporating insights from the social and human sciences, we develop a coproduction framework for climate services to help establish a smooth and effective interface between scientists and stakeholders. This framework is intended for research and innovation projects developing climate knowledge and services. The coproduction framework comprises three realms: (i) engagement using various communication channels; (ii) involvement through interviews, workshops and webinars; and (iii) empowerment of stakeholders and scientists through focused relationships. This incremental participatory process involves stakeholders in increasingly profound ways: from a broad stakeholder group identified through awareness-raising campaigns, on to potential users with whom we exchange knowledge, and then to a set of “champion users” who co-develop the service and pioneer its use in decision-making processes. This paper illustrates the application of the coproduction framework in PRIMAVERA, an EU H2020-funded project for designing, running and testing new high-resolution global climate models and evaluating their outputs. While PRIMAVERA provided ground breaking scientific findings that could potentially benefit various stakeholders and support climate risk assessment activities, these results are highly specialised and their added value has yet to be assessed. Accordingly, the user engagement component of the project faced the challenging task of both motivating stakeholders’ participation in the project and motivating future users of potential services based on PRIMAVERA data. The trial of the framework in PRIMAVERA provided key lessons for enhancing coproduction in research and innovation projects. We demonstrate how the role of scientists gradually shifted in this coproduction cycle from masters of knowledge(Roux et al., 2017) to co-learners, and how the involvement of the project’s interdisciplinary team and their interaction with stakeholders served to move the project towards transdisciplinary knowledge production.

尽管气候科学家和气候信息用户之间的知识共同生产已成为气候服务领域的共同主题，但气候服务提供者与用户之间的接口是气候服务项目的一个方面，仍然需要引起更多关注。这部分是由于物理科学在这些项目中占主导地位，以及对联合生产的工具性和狭义解释的普遍性的缘故。遵循世界气象组织《关于气候服务用户参与的良好做法指南》，并结合社会科学和人文科学的见解，我们开发了气候服务联合制作框架，以帮助在科学家和利益相关者之间建立顺畅而有效的界面。该框架旨在用于开发气候知识和服务的研究和创新项目。联合制作框架包括三个领域：（i）使用各种沟通渠道参与；（ii）通过访谈，研讨会和网络研讨会参与；（iii）通过有针对性的关系增强利益相关者和科学家的能力。这种渐进式的参与过程以越来越深刻的方式涉及到利益相关者：从通过提高认识运动确定的广泛的利益相关者群体，到我们与之交换知识的潜在用户，再到一组共同开发服务的“冠军用户”，以及率先在决策过程中使用它。本文说明了联合制作框架在PRIMAVERA中的应用，PRIMAVERA是欧盟H2020资助的设计项目，运行和测试新的高分辨率全球气候模型并评估其输出。尽管PRIMAVERA提供了开创性的科学发现，这些发现可能使各种利益相关者受益，并支持气候风险评估活动，但这些结果高度专业化，其附加值尚待评估。因此，基于PRIMAVERA数据，该项目的用户参与部分既面临着激励利益相关者参与该项目，又激励着未来用户使用潜在服务的挑战性任务。在PRIMAVERA中对该框架进行的试用为增强研究与创新项目的联合生产提供了重要的经验教训。我们展示了科学家的角色如何在此联合生产周期中从知识大师（Roux等人，2017）逐渐转变为联合学习者，