Working from a database of over 1,700 printed circulars, this article explores the significance of the commercial innovations that took place during the second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth. Studying the chronology of the introduction of printed circulars and their use in mercantile practices, we demonstrate that commercial innovation can be interpreted as the mobilization of new tools and old practices to solve the traditional problems of long-distance trade, in a context where circulars were used to communicate information on trade houses, to search for new commercial partners, and to display one's socioprofessional identity.

中文翻译：

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商业创新的进行：1750-1850年在法国和欧洲使用印刷的商业通函

本文从一个包含1,700多个印刷通函的数据库中研究了18世纪下半叶和19世纪上半叶进行的商业创新的重要性。通过研究印刷通函的引入时间顺序及其在商业惯例中的使用，我们证明，在通函存在的情况下，商业创新可以解释为动员新工具和旧惯例来解决长途贸易的传统问题。用来在商行上交流信息，寻找新的商业伙伴并展示个人的社会职业身份。