DNA nanostructures are among the most fascinating self-assembled nanostructures in diverse areas of science and technology, because of their nanoscale precision in biomolecule and nanoparticle organization. The implementation of dynamic and spatial regulation in structural morphology and hierarchical assembly upon specific external stimuli will greatly expand their applications in biocomputation, clinical diagnosis, and cancer therapy. Recently, noncanonical nucleic acids, particularly DNA triplexes, i-motifs, and G-quadruplexes, have become powerful tools for biosensing and mechanical switching. Developments in incorporating stimuli-responsive noncanonical nucleic acids into DNA nanostructures provide a promising approach to regulating the spatial organization and hierarchical assembly of DNA nanostructures. In this review, we briefly introduce recent progress in constructing DNA nanostructures with dynamic regulation of the structural transformation and programmable assembly pathways at the nanometer scale by noncanonical nucleic acids and discuss their potential applications and challenges.

DNA纳米结构因其在生物分子和纳米颗粒组织中的纳米级精度而成为科学和技术领域中最引人入胜的自组装纳米结构。在特定外部刺激下，在结构形态和层次组装中实现动态和空间调节将极大地扩展其在生物计算，临床诊断和癌症治疗中的应用。近来，非规范核酸，特别是DNA三链体，i-基序和G-四链体，已成为用于生物传感和机械转换的强大工具。将刺激响应性非规范核酸整合到DNA纳米结构中的发展为调节DNA纳米结构的空间组织和层次组装提供了一种有前途的方法。在这篇评论中，