Landform instability of the abandoned Nuria kaolin mine, surrounding the Alto Tajo Natural Park in Spain, has caused frequent and severe environmental impacts due to deficient mining practices, environmental mismanagement and closure planning. Geomorphic instability has caused widespread soil erosion and elevated sediment yields with off-site effects. We quantified such land instability, the evolution of the resulting drainage networks and catchments, and ensuing gully processes. High Resolution Topography sources were compared with historic maps and photos. The current mine rehabilitation practices are depicted based on a geomorphic approach that introduces a sustainable drainage system designed to avoid detected risks. Our aim is reconstructing fluvial channels and related hillslopes that mimic their natural counterparts adapted to a rehabilitation of pre-existing gradient terraces. We demonstrate that: i) mining activity produced a 31–58% decrease in the original site drainage network ii) a post-mining active advancing gully is an indicator of drainage network redevelopment advancing toward an upstream pond with flash-flooding risk; iii) a geomorphic designed and constructed fluvial network and proper drainage density adapted to pre-existing gradient-terraces seeks reestablishing stability; and iv) in absence of sufficient funding for rehabilitation, public/private collaboration agreements play an important role to reinstate landscape stability of abandoned or erroneously restored mines.

西班牙Alto Tajo自然公园周围废弃的Nuria高岭土矿的地貌不稳定，由于缺乏采矿实践，环境管理不善和关闭规划而造成了频繁而严重的环境影响。地貌的不稳定性导致了广泛的水土流失和沉积物产量的增加，并产生了异地影响。我们对这种土地的不稳定性，由此产生的排水网络和集水区的演变以及随之而来的沟壑过程进行了量化。将高分辨率地形资源与历史地图和照片进行了比较。基于地貌方法描述了当前的矿山修复实践，该方法引入了旨在避免发现风险的可持续排水系统。我们的目标是重建河道和相关的山坡，以模仿其自然形态，以适应先前已存在的梯度阶地的修复。我们证明：i）采矿活动使原始站点的排水网络减少了31–58％； ii）采矿后活动的前进沟是排水网络向有溢洪风险的上游池塘前进的指示；iii）地貌设计和建造的河流网络和适合于既存的坡度的适当排水密度，寻求重建的稳定性；iv）在缺乏足够的资金进行恢复的情况下，公共/私人合作协议在恢复废弃或错误修复的地雷的景观稳定性方面起着重要作用。i）采矿活动使原始站点的排水管网减少了31-58％； ii）采矿后活跃的冲沟是指示排水管网向有溢洪风险的上游池塘发展的指标；iii）地貌设计和建造的河流网络和适合于既存的坡度的适当排水密度，寻求重建的稳定性；iv）在缺乏足够的资金进行恢复的情况下，公共/私人合作协议在恢复废弃或错误修复的地雷的景观稳定性方面起着重要作用。i）采矿活动使原始站点的排水管网减少了31-58％； ii）采矿后活跃的冲沟是指示排水管网向有溢洪风险的上游池塘发展的指标；iii）地貌设计和建造的河流网络和适合于既存的梯度梯田的适当排水密度，寻求重建的稳定性；iv）在缺乏足够的资金进行恢复的情况下，公共/私人合作协议在恢复废弃或错误修复的地雷的景观稳定性方面起着重要作用。iii）地貌设计和建造的河流网络和适合于既存的坡度的适当排水密度，寻求重建的稳定性；iv）在缺乏足够的资金进行恢复的情况下，公共/私人合作协议在恢复废弃或错误修复的地雷的景观稳定性方面起着重要作用。iii）地貌设计和建造的河流网络和适合于既存的坡度的适当排水密度，寻求重建的稳定性；iv）在缺乏足够的资金进行恢复的情况下，公共/私人合作协议在恢复废弃或错误修复的地雷的景观稳定性方面起着重要作用。