In the task of data routing in Internet of Things enabled volatile underwater environments, providing better transmission and maximizing network communication performance are always challenging. Many network issues such as void holes and network isolation occur because of long routing distances between nodes. Void holes usually occur around the sink because nodes die early due to the high energy consumed to forward packets sent and received from other nodes. These void holes are a major challenge for I-UWSANs and cause high end-to-end delay, data packet loss, and energy consumption. They also affect the data delivery ratio. Hence, this paper presents an energy efficient watchman based flooding algorithm to address void holes. First, the proposed technique is formally verified by the Z-Eves toolbox to ensure its validity and correctness. Second, simulation is used to evaluate the energy consumption, packet loss, packet delivery ratio, and throughput of the network. The results are compared with well-known algorithms like energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing and angle based flooding. The extensive results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the benchmark techniques.

中文翻译：

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基于节能守望者的基于物联网的水下无线传感器和参与者网络的泛洪算法

在物联网中的数据路由任务中，在不稳定的水下环境中，提供更好的传输和最大化网络通信性能总是具有挑战性的。由于节点之间的路由距离过长，会出现许多网络问题，例如空洞和网络隔离。由于转发从其他节点发送和接收的数据包所消耗的高能量，节点会提前死亡，因此通常会在接收器周围出现空洞。这些空洞是 I-UWSAN 面临的主要挑战，会导致高端到端延迟、数据包丢失和能耗。它们还会影响数据传输率。因此，本文提出了一种基于能量高效守望者的泛洪算法来解决空洞问题。首先，所提出的技术由 Z-Eves 工具箱正式验证，以确保其有效性和正确性。第二，仿真用于评估网络的能耗、丢包率、数据包传递率和吞吐量。结果与众所周知的算法进行了比较，例如能量感知可扩展可靠和空洞缓解路由以及基于角度的洪水。广泛的结果表明，该算法的性能优于基准技术。