Countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that joined the European Union (EU) since May 2004 have recorded rapid increases in their agri‐food exports. While this increase in participation in international trade has been global, the CEE‐11 countries have mainly targeted the EU market. Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Romania are among those countries that have increased their agri‐food exports the most. We find that many CEE‐11 countries, especially Czechia and the Slovak Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland, have achieved their export expansion along the intensive margin, i.e. the expansion of average exports per existing product with existing trade partners. The extensive margin, i.e. an increase in the number of exported products with existing and new trade partners, along with a degree of product diversification in established markets was important for Lithuania, Romania and Estonia. We also note that in order to further benefit from an increased participation in trade, CEE countries need to switch from predominantly exporting traditional products towards penetrating more innovative product segments, along with new varieties of established products; and thus base their export expansion to a larger extent on the extensive margin.

中文翻译：

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欧盟中欧和东欧成员国的农产品出口正在迅速增长

自2004年5月以来加入欧洲联盟（EU）的中欧和东欧（CEE）国家的农产品出口量迅速增长。尽管参与国际贸易的增加已是全球性的，但CEE-11国家主要瞄准了欧盟市场。波兰，匈牙利，捷克共和国和罗马尼亚是农产品出口增长最快的国家。我们发现，许多CEE-11国家，特别是捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国，爱沙尼亚，匈牙利和波兰，已经在密集的利润率上实现了出口增长，即与现有贸易伙伴的现有产品的平均出口增长。广泛的利润，即与现有和新贸易伙伴的出口产品数量增加，既有市场中的产品多样化程度，对立陶宛，罗马尼亚和爱沙尼亚都很重要。我们还注意到，为了进一步从贸易中获得更多利益，中东欧国家需要从主要出口传统产品转向具有更多创新性的产品领域以及既有产品的新品种。因此，它们的出口扩张在很大程度上取决于广泛的利润率。