Cellular contraction is a universal phenomenon that drives various processes in the body. As such, measurement of cell contractility is of great interest to the scientific community. However, contracting cells apply very small stresses, which can be difficult to monitor. Various techniques have been developed to overcome these issues, with resolutions extending to the single cell level. Despite significant progress in this field, many limitations remain, including the ability to measure contraction instantaneously and in vivo. Bioelectronics involve the application of electric fields or electrically responsive materials for measurement or stimulation in biology. Bioelectronic devices have the major potential to overcome some of the remaining challenges in monitoring cell contraction, given their ability to provide fast, non-invasive measurements. In this forward-looking perspective, we will discuss the development of contractile measurement technologies as well as new areas that require growth and the potential for application of bioelectronics in this field.

中文翻译：

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测量细胞收缩：生物电子学的当前进展和未来

细胞收缩是一种普遍现象，可驱动体内的各种过程。因此，细胞收缩能力的测量是科学界非常感兴趣的。但是，收缩细胞施加的应力很小，可能难以监控。已经开发了各种技术来克服这些问题，并且分辨率扩展到单个小区级别。尽管在该领域取得了重大进展，但仍然存在许多局限性，包括即时和体内测量收缩的能力。生物电子学涉及电场或电响应材料的应用，以用于生物学中的测量或刺激。鉴于生物电子设备提供快速，非侵入性测量的能力，其具有克服监测细胞收缩方面尚存的一些挑战的主要潜力。在这种前瞻性的观点中，我们将讨论收缩测量技术的发展以及需要增长的新领域以及该领域中生物电子应用的潜力。