Sustained hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is associated with low levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. It is therefore important to investigate whether oral GSH supplementation would restore GSH levels, and also help improve redox state and glycaemia in diabetic individuals. We conducted a pragmatic clinical trial to assess effectiveness of oral GSH supplementation along with anti-diabetic treatment. 104 non-diabetic and 250 diabetic individuals were recruited. All the 250 diabetic individuals were on anti-diabetic therapy; of these 125 were given oral GSH supplementation additionally for a period of six months. Fasting and PP glucose and insulin, HbA1c, GSH and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG were measured at the recruitment time and after three and six months of supplementation. GSH supplementation increased blood GSH and decreased 8-OHdG significantly within three months in diabetic individuals. It also reduced HbA1c within three months and stabilized it thereafter in diabetic population overall. Patients above 55 years benefited more as evidenced by a significant decrease in HbA1c and 8-OHdG and an increase in fasting insulin. Data suggest that GSH supplementation can be used as an adjunct therapy to anti-diabetic treatment to achieve better glycemic targets, especially in elderly population.

中文翻译：

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长期补充谷胱甘肽的随机临床试验可防止氧化损伤，改善2型糖尿病老年患者的HbA1c

2型糖尿病患者持续的高血糖与内源性抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量低有关，这会导致氧化应激和组织损伤。因此，重要的是调查口服GSH是否能恢复GSH水平，并有助于改善糖尿病个体的氧化还原状态和血糖。我们进行了一项务实的临床试验，以评估口服谷胱甘肽补充剂和抗糖尿病治疗的有效性。招募了104位非糖尿病患者和250位糖尿病患者。所有250名糖尿病患者均接受抗糖尿病治疗。在这125个中，有6个月另外口服了GSH补充剂。空腹和PP葡萄糖和胰岛素，HbA1c，在补充时和补充三，六个月后，测量了谷胱甘肽和氧化性DNA损伤标记物8-OHdG。在糖尿病个体中，补充GSH可在三个月内显着增加血液GSH并降低8-OHdG。它还在三个月内降低了HbA1c，此后在整个糖尿病人群中使HbA1c稳定。55岁以上的患者受益更多，如HbA1c和8-OHdG的显着减少以及空腹胰岛素的增加所证明。数据表明，补充GSH可以用作抗糖尿病治疗的辅助疗法，以达到更好的血糖目标，尤其是在老年人口中。它还在三个月内降低了HbA1c，此后在整个糖尿病人群中使HbA1c稳定。55岁以上的患者受益更多，如HbA1c和8-OHdG的显着减少以及空腹胰岛素的增加所证明。数据表明，补充GSH可以用作抗糖尿病治疗的辅助疗法，以达到更好的血糖目标，尤其是在老年人口中。它还在三个月内降低了HbA1c，此后在整个糖尿病人群中使HbA1c稳定。55岁以上的患者受益更多，如HbA1c和8-OHdG的显着减少以及空腹胰岛素的增加所证明。数据表明，补充GSH可以用作抗糖尿病治疗的辅助疗法，以达到更好的血糖目标，尤其是在老年人口中。