Higher absorption and translocation of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in plant tissue can lead to serious physiological and biochemical changes. However, salicylic acid (SA) is a natural signaling molecule responsible for the induction of environmental stress tolerance in plants. Spraying SA could provide protection against several types of stress such as salinity. This study aimed to show the influence of SA spraying (0.5 and 1 mM) on the damaging effects of NaCl toxicity (150 mM) in Salvia officinalis L. plants. The results showed that salinity strongly inhibited the growth of aerial and root parts and this inhibition was accompanied by a significant decrease in the production of chlorophyll pigments (by 63%). There was also a significant accumulation of Na, mainly in the roots. This accumulation of Na+ ions was accompanied by a decrease of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. However, SA mainly at 0.5 mM, greatly improved plant growth, essential oils and chlorophyll pigments synthesis. Besides, SA led to a decrease in Na content and an improvement in Ca, K and P content in the leaves and roots. Salt stress decreased the essential oil yield from 1.2% (control) to 0.4% (NaCl). Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils exhibited that the 1,8-cineol, α-thujone, and camphor were identified as the main components of essential oils under all treatments. However, we noted in stressed plant treated or not with SA the appearance of the new majority compound thujanone. Salt stress decreased the major compounds content. SA spray under stress condition increased the content of major compounds compared to stressed plants untreated with SA. The histological study in scanning electron microscopy showed the peltate glands density decreased strongly under NaCl toxicity. However, SA application on stressed plants increased peltate glands density. On the other hand, the glands of stressed plants often show certain anomalies in the morphology: the first anomaly observed was the presence of glandular structures characterized by deformations in the form of small protuberances located on the head of the gland. The second, a less common abnormality is the morphological change in certain glands that change from a spherical to an ovoid shape. On another hand, all these anomalies were not detected in stressed plants sprayed with SA. Therefore, the absence of these anomalies under the effect of SA showed the repairing effect of this growth regulator. The findings of the present work suggest that spraying of SA may be useful for improving the plant growth in NaCl-contaminated areas.

中文翻译：

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水杨酸叶面施用可提高丹参的耐盐性

植物组织中钠（Na）和氯（Cl）离子的更高吸收和转运会导致严重的生理和生化变化。但是，水杨酸（SA）是天然信号分子，负责诱导植物对环境胁迫的耐受性。喷洒SA可以提供针对多种压力（例如盐度）的保护。这项研究旨在显示SA喷洒（0.5和1 mM）对丹参植物NaCl毒性（150 mM）的破坏作用。结果表明，盐度强烈抑制了空中和根部的生长，并且这种抑制伴随着叶绿素色素生成的显着减少（降低了63％）。Na也有大量积累，主要在根部。Na +离子的这种积累伴随着钙（Ca），钾（K）和磷（P）浓度的降低。但是，SA主要为0.5 mM，大大改善了植物生长，精油和叶绿素色素的合成。此外，SA导致叶和根中Na含量降低，Ca，K和P含量提高。盐胁迫将精油产率从1.2％（对照）降低到0.4％（NaCl）。此外，精油的气相色谱-质谱分析表明，在所有处理下，1,8-肉桂醇，α-丁酮和樟脑均被确定为精油的主要成分。但是，我们注意到在用SA处理或未使用SA处理的受胁迫植物中，出现了新的多数化合物硫杂酮。盐胁迫降低了主要化合物的含量。与未用SA处理的胁迫植物相比，在胁迫条件下的SA喷雾增加了主要化合物的含量。扫描电子显微镜的组织学研究表明，在NaCl毒性下，肉眼腺密度大大降低。但是，在受胁迫的植物上施用SA会增加带状腺体的密度。另一方面，受胁迫植物的腺体通常在形态上表现出某些异常：观察到的第一个异常是腺体结构的存在，其特征是位于腺体头部的小突起形式的变形。第二，较不常见的异常是某些腺体的形态变化，从球形变为卵形。另一方面，在喷洒SA的胁迫植物中未检测到所有这些异常。所以，在SA的作用下，这些异常的缺失表明该生长调节剂的修复作用。目前工作的发现表明，喷洒SA可能有助于改善NaCl污染地区的植物生长。