The cold spraying (CS) process was applied to deposit coatings using the AlCoNiFeCrTi high-entropy alloy (HEA) powder. The HEA powder was produced by short-time mechanical alloying (MA) of an equiatomic mixture in a planetary-ball mill followed by annealing at 1200°C and grinding of the resultant agglomerates. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses were employed to study the phase and structural transformations at different stages of producing the AlCoNiFeCrTi alloy powder and after it was sprayed onto a steel substrate. When the powder mixture was subjected to the MA process, a metastable nanostructured bcc solid solution formed. Annealing changed the phase composition of the alloy to an ordered bcc solid solution (B2 phase), intermetallic σ-phase (FeCr), and titanium carbide TiC. Grinding in a planetary-ball mill for 1 h turned the ordered B2 phase into a disordered nanostructured bcc solid solution. The titanium carbide and σ phase remained in the alloy, but particles of the σ phase significantly refined and partially dissolved in the bcc solid solution. Following deposition, the phase composition and nanostructured state of the starting alloy powder remained unchanged and the cold-sprayed coating consisted of a bcc solid solution, an intermetallic σ phase, and TiC carbide. The average coating thickness was 405 μm and Vickers microhardness HV was 10.0 ± 0.3 GPa. The high hardness of the coating was due to hardening effects: solid-solution and nanostructured hardening, hardening by inclusions of intermetallic and carbide phases, and strain hardening under severe plastic deformation in deposition at supersonic speeds (~10⁵–10⁷ sec^–1) at low temperatures. The HEA coating showed good adhesion to the substrate and low porosity (<1%).

使用AlCoNiFeCrTi高熵合金（HEA）粉末进行冷喷涂（CS）工艺以沉积涂层。通过在行星式球磨机中对等原子混合物进行短时机械合金化（MA），然后在1200°C退火并研磨所得附聚物，来生产HEA粉末。利用X射线衍射和显微结构分析研究了在生产AlCoNiFeCrTiTi合金粉末后以及在将其喷涂到钢基材上后不同阶段的相变和结构转变。当将粉末混合物进行MA处理时，形成了亚稳态的纳米结构的bcc固溶体。退火将合金的相组成更改为有序bcc固溶体（B2相），金属间σ相（FeCr）和碳化钛TiC。在行星式球磨机中研磨1 h，将有序的B2相转变为无序的纳米结构bcc固溶体。碳化钛和σ相保留在合金中，但σ相的颗粒明显细化并部分溶解于bcc固溶体中。沉积后，起始合金粉末的相组成和纳米结构状态保持不变，冷喷涂涂层由bcc固溶体，金属间σ相和TiC碳化物组成。平均涂层厚度为405μm，维氏显微硬度HV为10.0±0.3GPa。涂层的高硬度归因于硬化作用：固溶体和纳米结构硬化，通过金属间和碳化物相的夹杂而硬化，以及在超音速下沉积时发生严重塑性变形时的应变硬化（〜10）⁵ –10 ⁷秒^–1）在低温下。HEA涂层显示出对基材的良好粘合性和低孔隙率（<1％）。