Oncology is the frontline of drug development. The current pharmaceutical pipeline is disproportional focused on oncology, where about 1/3 of all phases of development is in this therapeutic area. The emphasis brings about substantial breakthroughs and has made positive impact on the quality of life. However, oncology remains a threat to human existence. To facilitate this process, a comprehensive list of novel/first molecularly targeted oncology drug approvals by the FDA from 2017 to 2020 is assessed. Here, we focus on molecularly targeted oncology drugs and not cytotoxic ones, although the latter remain important. To achieve this purpose, besides their sponsors, years of approval, drug classes, and cancer indications, clinical significance is included. The results show that approved molecularly targeted drugs span across diverse classes, including small molecule receptor inhibitors, and biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, check-point inhibitors (i.e., PD1, PDL1, CTLA4) and CAR-T cell therapies. Although complete cure of cancer remains limited, we have made substantial inroads and more is yet to come. Moreover, many of these new knowledge can be extrapolated to other therapeutic areas, especially to those of currently unmet medical needs such as in neurology and other chronic diseases.

肿瘤学是药物开发的前沿。目前的制药管道不成比例地专注于肿瘤学，其中大约 1/3 的所有开发阶段都在这个治疗领域。重点带来了实质性的突破，并对生活质量产生了积极影响。然而，肿瘤学仍然威胁着人类的生存。为了促进这一过程，评估了 FDA 从 2017 年到 2020 年批准的新型/首个分子靶向肿瘤药物的综合清单。在这里，我们关注分子靶向肿瘤药物而不是细胞毒性药物，尽管后者仍然很重要。为了实现这一目的，除了他们的赞助商、批准年限、药物类别和癌症适应症外，还包括临床意义。结果表明，批准的分子靶向药物跨越不同类别，包括小分子受体抑制剂，以及单克隆抗体、抗体-药物偶联物、检查点抑制剂（即 PD1、PDL1、CTLA4）和 CAR-T 细胞疗法等生物制剂。尽管完全治愈癌症的方法仍然有限，但我们已经取得了实质性进展，而且还有更多进展。此外，这些新知识中有许多可以外推到其他治疗领域，特别是那些目前未满足的医疗需求，如神经病学和其他慢性疾病。