The present study examined the relationships between emotional well-being (positive and negative affect), sleep-related variables (sleep quality, sleep duration, and change in sleep quality and duration compared to weeks before lockdown), and worrying about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenges during the beginning of the outbreak in Europe. In addition, four different coping strategies were investigated. The study was conducted in Germany with data from 665 participants (53.8% female; 18–73 years), who completed an online questionnaire in April 2020. The results revealed that COVID-19 worry was associated with impaired well-being and sleep. Meaning- and problem-focused coping were the most frequently used coping strategies, and showed positive associations with well-being and sleep. Social and avoidance coping were associated with decreased well-being and worse sleep outcomes. Three coping strategies showed moderating effects. People who worried more showed higher levels of positive affect when they used problem-focused coping compared to those who did not. Similarly, highly worried participants showed lower levels of negative affect when they reported using meaning-focused coping more often. In contrast, social coping increased the risk of high negative affect levels in worried participants. In conclusion, problem-focused and meaning-focused coping strategies seemed to be most effective in coping with COVID-19 challenges.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行压力时期的幸福感和睡眠：与担忧和不同应对策略的关系

本研究检查了情绪健康（正面和负面影响）、睡眠相关变量（睡眠质量、睡眠持续时间以及与锁定前几周相比睡眠质量和持续时间的变化）与担心冠状病毒病（COVID -19) 欧洲疫情爆发初期的挑战。此外，还研究了四种不同的应对策略。该研究在德国进行，数据来自 665 名参与者（53.8% 女性；18-73 岁），他们于 2020 年 4 月完成了在线问卷调查。结果显示 COVID-19 担忧与健康和睡眠受损有关。以意义和问题为中心的应对是最常用的应对策略，并且与幸福感和睡眠呈正相关。社交和回避应对与幸福感下降和睡眠结果恶化有关。三种应对策略显示出调节作用。与不使用问题的人相比，担心更多的人在使用以问题为中心的应对方式时表现出更高水平的积极影响。同样，当他们报告更频繁地使用以意义为中心的应对方式时，高度担心的参与者表现出较低水平的负面影响。相比之下，社会应对增加了焦虑参与者的高负面情绪水平的风险。总之，以问题为中心和以意义为中心的应对策略似乎在应对 COVID-19 挑战方面最有效。与不使用问题的人相比，担心更多的人在使用以问题为中心的应对方式时表现出更高水平的积极影响。同样，当他们报告更频繁地使用以意义为中心的应对方式时，高度担心的参与者表现出较低水平的负面影响。相比之下，社会应对增加了焦虑参与者的高负面情绪水平的风险。总之，以问题为中心和以意义为中心的应对策略似乎在应对 COVID-19 挑战方面最有效。与不使用问题的人相比，担心更多的人在使用以问题为中心的应对方式时表现出更高水平的积极影响。同样，当他们报告更频繁地使用以意义为中心的应对方式时，高度担心的参与者表现出较低水平的负面影响。相比之下，社会应对增加了焦虑参与者的高负面情绪水平的风险。总之，以问题为中心和以意义为中心的应对策略似乎在应对 COVID-19 挑战方面最有效。