Multiculturalism promises equality and tolerance, yet racialized minorities in Canada continue to report experiences of discrimination. As Canada becomes increasingly culturally and racially diverse, it is important to understand what this discrimination means for sense of belonging in Canada. Using ordinary logistic regressions, we examine the effects of ethnocultural and racial discrimination on sense of belonging. Relying on a theoretical framework of the Rejection/Identification and Rejection/Disidentification models, we test the impacts of discrimination on national sense of belonging and on in-group sense of belonging. We further examine the differential effects of discrimination on sense of belonging for white and non-white Canadians. We find that discrimination negatively impacts both national and in-group sense of belonging among both non-white and white Canadians, although the impact is stronger among racialized minorities. Thus, we argue that discrimination reduces sense of belonging in Canada generally, but is more damaging to those who already occupy a marginalized social position. These findings have implications for our understanding of multiculturalism in Canada.

中文翻译：

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在加拿大社会中对种族和文化的歧视和归属感

多元文化主义承诺平等和宽容，但加拿大的种族少数群体继续报告遭受歧视的经历。随着加拿大在文化和种族上日趋多样化，重要的是要了解这种歧视对加拿大归属感的意义。使用普通的逻辑回归，我们检验了民族文化和种族歧视对归属感的影响。依托“拒绝/识别”和“拒绝/识别”模型的理论框架，我们测试了歧视对国家归属感和群体内归属感的影响。我们进一步研究了白人和非白人加拿大人的歧视对归属感的不同影响。我们发现，歧视对非白人和白人加拿大人的民族归属感和群体内归属感都有负面影响，尽管在种族少数族裔中影响更大。因此，我们认为歧视通常会降低加拿大的归属感，但对已经处于边缘化社会地位的人们造成的损害更大。这些发现对我们对加拿大多元文化主义的理解具有启示意义。