ABSTRACT

Psychoanalysis has made a singular contribution to our understanding of how we live with the past; most importantly, the concept of “deferred action” (it will become clear why I wish to retain the English translation) challenges the association of causality with a particular temporal direction, that is, the earlier-to-later direction of causal efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of “backwards causation” (as it were) based on an application of the theory of object-use to the problem of memory. I begin with some introductory comments on Winnicott’s theory of object-use, before presenting clinical observations on a patient’s emerging sense of the past. In the theoretical discussion that follows, I consider the problem of memory in light of the clinical example. A discussion of the continued importance of “deferred action” is presented together with the introduction of the concept of “reclamation” as a type of re-descriptive memory.

摘要

精神分析对我们理解过去如何生活做出了独特的贡献。最重要的是，“延迟行动”的概念（我为什么要保留英文翻译就很清楚了）挑战了因果关系与特定时间方向的关联，即因果效力的从前到后的方向。本文的目的是基于客体使用理论对记忆问题的应用，探索“反向因果关系”（实际上）的含义。我首先对温尼科特的客体使用理论进行一些介绍性评论，然后再介绍对患者对过去的新兴感觉的临床观察。在接下来的理论讨论中，我将根据临床实例考虑记忆问题。