Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in cosmetic and personal care products (CPCPs) and over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreens, due to their ability to absorb solar radiation. When OTC and CPCP ingredients are washed down the drain, they can then enter freshwaters that receive wastewater treatment plant effluents. This paper presents a freshwater environmental safety assessment of a key UV filter, oxybenzone, used in OTC sunscreens and CPCPs in the United States. Exposure was characterized using iSTREEM^®, a spatially resolved aquatic exposure model developed for chemicals disposed of down the drain. iSTREEM^® provides a comprehensive exposure assessment of oxybenzone concentrations in United States receiving waters through predicted environmental concentration (PEC) distributions representative of conditions across the region. A review of available hazard data was used to derive a predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) using aquatic toxicity data and assessment factors. A safety assessment was conducted by comparing the PEC distribution with the PNEC. The results indicate that oxybenzone is of low concern and there is a significant margin of safety as the 90th percentile PEC is two orders of magnitude below the PNEC. These results are instrumental in demonstrating the environmental safety of key organic UV filters in the U.S. freshwater environment and will help prioritize future work. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:951–960. © 2021 Personal Care Products Council. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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美国全国范围内对氧苯酮的环境风险评估

由于有机紫外线 (UV) 过滤器吸收太阳辐射的能力，它们被用于化妆品和个人护理产品 (CPCP) 以及非处方 (OTC) 防晒霜。当 OTC 和 CPCP 成分被冲入下水道时，它们可以进入接收废水处理厂流出物的淡水。本文介绍了美国 OTC 防晒霜和 CPCP 中使用的关键紫外线过滤剂氧苯酮的淡水环境安全评估。使用 iSTREEM ^{® 对}暴露进行表征，这是一种空间解析的水生暴露模型，专为排放到下水道中的化学品而开发。iSTREEM ^®通过代表整个地区条件的预测环境浓度 (PEC) 分布，对美国接收水域中的氧苯酮浓度进行全面的暴露评估。对现有危害数据的审查用于使用水生毒性数据和评估因素得出预测的无影响浓度 (PNEC)。通过比较 PEC 分布与 PNEC 进行安全评估。结果表明氧苯酮的关注度较低，并且存在显着的安全边际，因为 90% 的 PEC 比 PNEC 低两个数量级。这些结果有助于证明美国淡水环境中关键有机紫外线过滤剂的环境安全性，并将有助于优先考虑未来的工作。集成环境评估管理2021；17：951-960。© 2021 个人护理产品委员会。由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 发布的综合环境评估和管理