In this study, we revisit consonantal perturbation of F₀ in English, taking into particular consideration the effect of alignment of F₀ contours to segments and the F₀ extraction method in the acoustic analysis. We recorded words differing in consonant voicing, manner of articulation, and position in syllable, spoken by native speakers of American English in both statements and questions. In the analysis, we compared methods of F₀ alignment and found that the highest F₀ consistency occurred when F₀ contours were time-normalized to the entire syllable. Applying this method, along with using syllables with nasal consonants as the baseline and a fine-detailed F₀ extraction procedure, we identified three distinct consonantal effects: a large but brief (10–40 ms) F₀ raising at voice onset regardless of consonant voicing, a smaller but longer-lasting F₀ raising effect by voiceless consonants throughout a large proportion of the following vowels, and a small lowering effect of around 6 Hz by voiced consonants, which was not found in previous studies. Additionally, a brief anticipatory effect was observed before a coda consonant. These effects are imposed on a continuously changing F₀ curve that is either rising-falling or falling-rising, depending on whether the carrier sentence is a statement or a question.

中文翻译：

---

美式英语中的辅音 F0 扰动涉及多种机制

在这项研究中，我们重新审视了英语中F ₀的辅音扰动，特别考虑了F ₀轮廓与片段的对齐效果以及声学分析中的F ₀提取方法。我们记录了以美国英语为母语的人在陈述和问题中所说的辅音发音、发音方式和音节位置不同的单词。在分析中，我们比较了F ₀对齐的方法，发现F ₀一致性最高出现在F ₀轮廓被时间归一化到整个音节。应用这种方法，以及使用带有鼻辅音的音节作为基线和精细的F ₀提取程序，我们确定了三种不同的辅音效果：一个大而短暂的（10-40 ms）F ₀在语音开始时提高，无论辅音如何在随后的大部分元音中，清辅音对F ₀的影响较小但持续时间更长，而浊辅音的降低效果约为 6 Hz，这在以前的研究中没有发现。此外，在尾辅音之前观察到短暂的预期效果。这些影响施加在不断变化的F ₀上升-下降或下降-上升曲线，取决于载体句子是陈述句还是疑问句。