In recent literature thermo-poro-elastic (TPE) inclusions are proposed to contribute to deformation and stress in volcanic and hydrothermal areas. With respect to previous works, the present study implements the modeling improvements requested for a more realistic description of a TPE source and the embedding medium. Firstly we propose a numerical method to represent inclusions with an arbitrary geometry. In the case of cylindrical-shaped sources, the proposed approach allows us to study the effects of the source thickness on both deformation and stress fields. Moreover, we are allowed to consider depth dependent pore pressure and temperature changes within the inclusion, as expected during the transient stage of hot fluid propagation. Secondly, we take into account elastic stratification of the crust, in order to perform unbiased inversion of ground deformation data. The inversion of geodetic data collected during the 1982–84 unrest episode in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), performed in a layered elastic medium, leads to a lower misfit and a deeper deformation source with respect to the one obtained inverting data in a homogeneous half-space. Furthermore, the geometry and location of the thermo-poro-elastic inclusion retrieved from the inversion in the layered medium leads to a shear stress distribution in good agreement with the relocated seismicity observed at Campi Flegrei. Most hypocenters are found to be located near and inside the TPE inclusion boundaries, where the greater shear stress is predicted. With respect to previous works we also found that vertical gradients of pore pressure and temperature and elastic layering can promote both normal and thrust earthquakes within the inclusion.

在最近的文献中，提出了热孔隙弹性（TPE）夹杂物来促进火山和热液区的变形和应力。关于以前的工作，本研究实现了对TPE源和嵌入介质的更真实描述所要求的建模改进。首先，我们提出了一种数值方法来表示具有任意几何形状的夹杂物。对于圆柱状源，所提出的方法使我们能够研究源厚度对变形场和应力场的影响。而且，我们可以考虑夹杂物内与深度相关的孔隙压力和温度变化，这是在热流体传播的过渡阶段所期望的。其次，我们考虑了地壳的弹性分层，为了进行地面变形数据的无偏反演。在分层弹性介质中进行的Campi Flegrei火山口（意大利）1982–84骚乱事件期间收集的大地测量数据反演，与均匀获得的反演数据相比，降低了失配和更深的形变源一半的空间。此外，从层状介质反演中获得的热-孔隙弹性包裹体的几何形状和位置导致剪切应力分布与在Campi Flegrei观测到的重新定位的地震活动高度吻合。发现大多数震源位于TPE夹杂物边界附近和内部，在该处预测到较大的切应力。