This research provides a characterization of ancient Roman mortars from “Villa del Capo di Sorrento” (commonly known as “Villa di Pollio Felice” or “Bagni della Regina Giovanna”). A deepened analysis of cementitious binding matrix and aggregates was conducted with the aims of determining possible sources of raw materials and the mix recipe, and to evaluate the minerogenetic secondary processes. Twenty samples taken from the Villa were investigated by means of a multi-analytical approach, including polarized optical microscopy on thin sections, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy dispersed spectrometry, simultaneous thermal analyses, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Bedding mortars were made with slaked lime mixed with volcanic materials, whereas coating mortars were made adding to previous recipe as ceramic fragments. All samples were classified as hydraulic mortars. Cementitious binding matrix was characterized by gel-like C-A-S-H, calcite, hydrocalumite, and gypsum, deriving from lime/pozzolanic material. Geomaterials used for mortar production had a local origin. Pozzolanic materials, such as volcanic fragments, scoriae, pumice, and crystal fragments derived from both pyroclastic rocks of the Campi Flegrei district and from rocks of the Somma-Vesuvio complex; porosity test suggest that the products related to minerogenetic secondary processes, make mortars more resistant.

中文翻译：

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Villa del Capo di Sorrento的古罗马砂浆：定义微观结构和成分特征的多分析方法

这项研究提供了“ Villa del Capo di Sorrento ”（俗称“ Villa di Pollio Felice ”或“ Bagni della Regina Giovanna ”）古罗马灰浆的特征。为了确定可能的原材料来源和混合配方，并评估成矿的次生过程，对胶结性粘结基质和骨料进行了深入分析。从别墅里取了二十个样品通过多种分析方法进行了研究，包括薄截面的偏振光学显微镜，X射线粉末衍射，扫描电子显微镜分析，能量分散光谱，同时热分析和压汞法。层积砂浆是用熟石灰和火山材料混合制成的，而涂料砂浆是作为陶瓷碎片添加到以前的配方中制成的。所有样品均归为水硬性砂浆。胶结性粘结基质的特征是凝胶状CASH，方解石，水铝钙石和石膏，其来源于石灰/火山灰材料。用于砂浆生产的土工材料是当地产的。火山灰材料，例如来自Campi Flegrei的两个火山碎屑岩的火山碎屑，火山灰，浮石和晶体碎屑地区和索马-维苏威火山群的岩石；孔隙率测试表明，与矿物成矿次生过程有关的产品使砂浆更具抵抗力。