ABSTRACT

Green port structures (i.e. green infrastructure in ports and harbors) featuring habitats for marine organisms have been promoted in Japan as part of a comprehensive policy to reduce the environmental impact of ports and carry out habitat conservation, restoration, and creation. In this study, we evaluated the ecosystem services provided by green port structures in two highly urbanized bays (Tokyo Bay and Osaka Bay) in Japan. Our results show that the provision of some ecosystem services can be limited by circumstances particular to ports and other areas with restricted access. In the case of green port structures that have strong usage restrictions, for example, cultural services can only be provided if relevant authorities are prepared to conduct public events while ensuring participant safety. On the other hand, green port structures with weak usage restrictions are often equipped with incidental facilities such as parking lots and restrooms; these facilities can enhance the provision of cultural services (e.g. recreation and environmental education). Green port structures in highly urbanized bays often have usage restrictions, but their proximity to large populations means that they can potentially provide numerous ecosystem services. However, our study shows that appropriate management goals, such as protecting species and ensuring healthy habitats, are needed to maintain the value of these services in highly urbanized and eutrophic bays.

摘要

以海洋生物栖息地为特征的绿色港口结构（即港口和港口的绿色基础设施）已在日本推广，作为减少港口环境影响和进行栖息地保护、恢复和创造的综合政策的一部分。在这项研究中，我们评估了日本两个高度城市化的海湾（东京湾和大阪湾）的绿色港口结构提供的生态系统服务。我们的结果表明，某些生态系统服务的提供可能会受到港口和其他进入受限地区的特殊情况的限制。例如，对于具有强烈使用限制的绿色港口结构，只有在相关部门准备好在确保参与者安全的情况下举办公共活动的情况下，才能提供文化服务。另一方面，使用限制较弱的绿色港口结构通常配备停车场和洗手间等附带设施；这些设施可以加强文化服务的提供（例如娱乐和环境教育）。高度城市化海湾中的绿色港口结构通常有使用限制，但它们靠近大量人口意味着它们可以潜在地提供众多生态系统服务。然而，我们的研究表明，在高度城市化和富营养化的海湾中，需要适当的管理目标，例如保护物种和确保健康的栖息地，以保持这些服务的价值。高度城市化海湾中的绿色港口结构通常有使用限制，但它们靠近大量人口意味着它们可以潜在地提供众多生态系统服务。然而，我们的研究表明，在高度城市化和富营养化的海湾中，需要适当的管理目标，例如保护物种和确保健康的栖息地，以保持这些服务的价值。高度城市化海湾中的绿色港口结构通常有使用限制，但它们靠近大量人口意味着它们可以潜在地提供众多生态系统服务。然而，我们的研究表明，在高度城市化和富营养化的海湾中，需要适当的管理目标，例如保护物种和确保健康的栖息地，以保持这些服务的价值。