Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy occurs worldwide and is closely associated with health issues in women and their offspring, such as pregnancy and birth complications, respectively, as well as comorbidities, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. To optimize the management of diabetic pregnancies, sustainable strategies are urgently needed. Investigation of constantly evolving technologies for diabetes that help to manage pregnancy and health is required. Objective: We aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of technologies for diabetes in pregnancy. Methods: Relevant databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2020 for clinical studies (2008-2020). Findings were organized by type of diabetes, type of technology, and outcomes (glycemic control, pregnancy- and birth-related outcomes, and neonatal outcomes). Study quality was assessed using Effective Public Health Practice Project criteria. Results: We identified 15 randomized controlled trials, 3 randomized crossover trials, 2 cohort studies, and 2 controlled clinical trials. Overall, 9 studies focused on type 1 diabetes, 0 studies focused on gestational diabetes, and 3 studies focused on both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We found that 9 studies were strong quality, 11 were moderate quality, and 2 were weak quality. Technologies for diabetes seemed to have particularly positive effects on glycemic control in all types of diabetes, shown by some strong and moderate quality studies. Positive trends in pregnancy-related, birth-related, and neonatal outcomes were observed. Conclusions: Technologies have the potential to effectively improve the management of diabetes during pregnancy. Further research on the clinical effectiveness of these technologies is needed, especially in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.

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中文翻译：

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妊娠期糖尿病不同技术的临床有效性：系统文献综述

背景：妊娠期高血糖症在全球范围内发生，与女性及其后代的健康问题密切相关，例如妊娠和分娩并发症，以及代谢和心血管疾病等合并症。为了优化糖尿病妊娠的管理，迫切需要可持续的策略。需要对不断发展的糖尿病技术进行调查，以帮助管理怀孕和健康。目的：我们旨在进行系统评价，以评估妊娠期糖尿病技术的临床有效性。方法：2020年9月检索MEDLINE（PubMed）、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science Core Collection等相关数据库进行临床研究（2008-2020）。结果按糖尿病类型、技术类型、和结局（血糖控制、妊娠和出生相关结局以及新生儿结局）。使用有效公共卫生实践项目标准评估研究质量。结果：我们确定了 15 项随机对照试验、3 项随机交叉试验、2 项队列研究和 2 项对照临床试验。总体而言，9 项研究关注 1 型糖尿病，0 项研究关注妊娠糖尿病，3 项研究同时关注 1 型糖尿病和 2 型糖尿病。我们发现9项研究为强质量，11项为中等质量，2项为弱质量。一些强有力和中等质量的研究表明，糖尿病技术似乎对所有类型糖尿病的血糖控制都有特别积极的影响。观察到妊娠相关、出生相关和新生儿结局的积极趋势。结论：技术有可能有效改善妊娠期糖尿病的管理。需要进一步研究这些技术的临床有效性，尤其是在患有 2 型糖尿病的孕妇中。

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