Purpose

This 100-day experiment explored the impact of a dynamic place-based policing strategy on social harm in Indianapolis. Scholars have recently called for place-based policing to consider the co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental health problems that correlate within crime hot spots. Moreover, severity is not ubiquitous across harmful events and should thus be weighted accordingly.

Methods

Harmspots and hotspots were operationalized for this experiment and both received proactive police activities. Evaluation analyses includes multivariate point processes and hawkes processes to determine experimental effects. Survey data was collected via telephone surveys, was weighted for demographic representativeness, and analyzed using Poisson regression.

Results

Results indicate proactive policing in dynamic harmspots can reduce aggregated social harm. No statistical deterrence effect was observed in crime hotspots. Proactive police activity in harmspots was associated with higher arrest rates, though not disproportionate across race and ethnicity, nor was there an effect on incidents of use of force. A two-wave pre/post community survey indicated Indianapolis citizens believe data-driven policing to be useful, though perceptions vary across demographic groups with moderate trust around computer algorithms.

Conclusion

Place-based policing strategies should consider social harm events as a method to operationalize proactive policing. Observed effects are consistent with those of hotspots policing while enabling cities to broaden the set of harms experienced by varying communities. Harmspot policing may also position municipalities to maximize social service delivery at places beyond policing.

中文翻译：

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印第安纳波利斯的害人警务实验

目的

这个为期100天的实验探讨了动态的基于地点的警务策略对印第安纳波利斯的社会危害的影响。学者们最近呼吁进行基于场所的警务，以考虑在犯罪热点内相关的药物滥用和心理健康问题的共同发生。此外，严重程度并非在有害事件中普遍存在，因此应相应地进行加权。

方法

针对该实验启用了热点和热点，并且都接受了积极的警察活动。评估分析包括多元点过程和霍克斯过程以确定实验效果。通过电话调查收集调查数据，对人口统计学代表性进行加权，然后使用泊松回归进行分析。

结果

结果表明，在动态危害区采取积极的警务措施可以减少累积的社会危害。在犯罪热点地区未观察到统计威慑作用。尽管在各个种族和族裔中警察的积极行动与在危险区的主动行动有关，但逮捕率较高，尽管这对使用武力的事件也没有影响。两波前/后社区调查表明，印第安纳波利斯公民认为以数据为依据的警务是有用的，尽管不同人群之间的看法有所不同，并且对计算机算法的信任程度中等。

结论

基于场所的警务策略应将社会危害事件视为实施主动警务的一种方法。观察到的影响与热点地区的治安相一致，同时使城市能够扩大各种社区遭受的一系列危害。害处警务也可能使市政当局在警务以外的地方最大限度地提供社会服务。