ABSTRACT

Reward-based wildflower strips are the most common approach for pollinator protection in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford this practice. A promising pilot study in Uzbekistan introduced an alternative approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, focusing on farmers as target group, marketable habitat enhancement plants and a method-inherent incentive: higher income per surface achieved already in the first year. We hypothesized that higher income would be a replicable enabling factor across continents, but a knowledge-raising campaign would be necessary in many low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the replicability of the incentive with a small number of farmers in 2015–2016 in Morocco but focused on assessing if farmers have sufficient knowledge to recognize wild pollinators and use this approach. We conducted 766 interviews using a standardized questionnaire with randomly selected smallholder farmers in three culturally different farming societies of low- and middle-income countries (Morocco, Turkey and Benin). Farming with Alternative Pollinators induced higher income (75% (2015), 177% (2016)) also in Morocco. The trial and the survey show the indispensability of a knowledge-raising campaign as the second enabling factor. However, based on capacity building, Farming with Alternative Pollinators could have indeed high potential to promote pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries.

摘要

基于奖励的野花带是高收入国家最常见的传粉媒介保护方法。低收入和中等收入国家无法承受这种做法。在乌兹别克斯坦进行的一项有希望的试点研究引入了一种替代方法，即使用替代授粉媒介进行耕作，重点关注作为目标群体的农民、可销售的栖息地增强植物和方法固有的激励措施：第一年就已经实现了更高的单位面积收入。我们假设更高的收入将成为跨大陆可复制的促成因素，但这是一项提高知识的运动在许多低收入和中等收入国家是必要的。我们评估了 2015-2016 年在摩洛哥对少数农民的激励措施的可复制性，但重点是评估农民是否有足够的知识来识别野生传粉媒介并使用这种方法。我们使用标准化问卷对中低收入国家（摩洛哥、土耳其和贝宁）三个文化不同的农业社会中随机选择的小农进行了 766 次访谈。在摩洛哥，使用替代授粉媒介进行农业也带来了更高的收入（75%（2015 年）、177%（2016 年））。试验和调查表明提高知识运动的必要性作为第二个促成因素。然而，基于能力建设，使用替代传粉媒介进行农业在中低收入国家促进传粉媒介保护方面确实具有很大潜力。