In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to the limited energy of sensor nodes, how to design efficient hierarchical routing algorithms to balance network resources and extend network life is an important problem to be solved. Aiming at the problems such as random selection of cluster head, redundancy of working node, and construction of cluster head transmission path, which affect network energy consumption, this paper proposes a multihop routing algorithm based on path tree (MHRA-PT) to optimize the network energy. Firstly, some nodes are those close to the base station and have large remaining energy which are selected to construct a cluster head set. Then, after clustering, each cluster is divided into different regions, and in each region, nodes with residual energy greater than the average residual energy of the cluster are selected as a working node. Finally, the cluster heads are sorted according to their distance from base station, and the next hop node is selected for each cluster head in turn until a path tree rooted at base station is formed completely, leading to data transmission from working node to base station. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce network energy consumption, balance network resources, and prolong network life cycle.

中文翻译：

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基于树的无线传感器网络能效多跳路由方法

在无线传感器网络（WSN）中，由于传感器节点的能量有限，如何设计有效的分层路由算法来平衡网络资源和延长网络寿命是一个亟待解决的重要问题。针对集群头的随机选择，工作节点的冗余以及集群头传输路径的构建等会影响网络能耗的问题，提出了一种基于路径树的多跳路由算法（MHRA-PT），以优化路由选择。网络能量。首先，一些节点是那些靠近基站并且具有较大剩余能量的节点，这些节点被选择来构建簇头集。然后，在聚类之后，将每个聚类划分为不同的区域，并且在每个区域中，剩余能量大于群集平均剩余能量的节点被选为工作节点。最后，根据簇头到基站的距离对簇头进行排序，并依次为每个簇头选择下一跳节点，直到完全形成以基站为根的路径树为止，从而实现从工作节点到基站的数据传输。 。仿真结果表明，该算法可以有效降低网络能耗，平衡网络资源，延长网络生命周期。