Factorial experiments were carried out on spring- and winter-sown oat crops in Ireland in 2016–2019 to identify plant responses in yield formation and grain filling procedures. Two cultivars (Husky and Keely), three seed rates (250, 350 and 450 seeds/m2), six applied nitrogen (N) rates (40, 70, 100, 130, 160 and 190 kg N/ha) with a plant growth regulator (PGR) were examined in spring and winter sowings, using the same cultivars at five rates of applied N (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg N/ha). The applied N rate and seed rate significantly (P < 0.05) modified the yield components determining grains/m2 in spring- and winter-sown crops with increases in panicle number of key importance. Increases were also observed in the proportion of primary grain by weight (0.9–1.6%) and number (0.7–1.4%) ratios in spring-sown crops in response to applied N rate, with winter-sown crops exhibiting a more consistent pattern of grain fill. Seed rate and PGR application had minor effects on yield components and panicle conformation. Grain fill procedures played an important role in the maximization of grain yield under seasonal conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed between the number of aborted grain sites and yield under drought conditions (0.22), with negative associations observed in near-optimal conditions (−0.22 to −0.41). Agronomic effects on grain site abortion were minimal in comparison with seasonal effects. In seasons characterized by cool, consistent conditions, grain yield was maximized by the utilization of all available grain sites. Where assimilate shortages were encountered during grain fill the abortion of grains sites was positively associated with grain yield.

中文翻译：

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燕麦（Avena sativa）产量和谷物填充对不同农艺和天气因素的反应

2016-2019 年在爱尔兰对春季和冬季播种的燕麦作物进行了因子试验，以确定植物在产量形成和灌浆过程中的反应。两种栽培品种（Husky 和 ​​Keely），三种播种量（250、350 和 450 粒种子/米2)，使用植物生长调节剂 (PGR) 在春季和冬季播种中检测了六种施氮 (N) 率（40、70、100、130、160 和 190 kg N/ha），使用相同的栽培品种以 5 种施用率施用 N（80、110、140、170 和 200 kg N/ha）。施氮量和播种量显着（磷< 0.05) 修改了确定粒数/m 的产量成分2在春、冬播种作物中，穗数的增加具有重要意义。随着施氮量的增加，春季播种的作物中初级谷物的重量比例（0.9-1.6%）和数量（0.7-1.4%）的比例也有所增加，而冬季播种的作物表现出更一致的模式。谷物填充。播种量和 PGR 应用对产量成分和穗构象的影响较小。谷物灌浆程序在季节性条件下最大限度地提高谷物产量方面发挥了重要作用。在干旱条件下（0.22），流产的谷粒数量与产量之间观察到显着的正相关，在接近最佳条件下观察到负相关（-0.22至-0.41）。与季节性影响相比，对谷粒流产的农艺影响很小。在以凉爽、一致的条件为特征的季节，通过利用所有可用的谷物地点来最大限度地提高谷物产量。在灌浆过程中遇到同化物短缺的情况下，谷物位点的流产与谷物产量呈正相关。