Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has devastating effects on the population worldwide. Given this scenario, the extent of the impact of the disease on more vulnerable individuals, such as pregnant women, is of great concern. Although pregnancy may be a risk factor in respiratory virus infections, there are no considerable differences regarding COVID-19 severity observed between pregnant and nonpregnant women. In these circumstances, an emergent concern is the possibility of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric harm for the offspring of infected mothers. Currently, there is no stronger evidence indicating vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, the exacerbated inflammatory response observed in the disease could lead to several impairments in the offspring’s brain. Furthermore, in the face of historical knowledge on possible long-term consequences for the progeny’s brain after infection by viruses, we must consider that this might be another deleterious facet of COVID-19. In light of neuroimmune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface, we review here the possible harmful outcomes to the offspring brains of mothers infected by SARS-CoV-2.
Neuroimmunomodulation

中文翻译：

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孕妇 SARS-CoV-2 感染：母胎界面的神经免疫内分泌变化

由严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 对全世界人口造成了毁灭性影响。鉴于这种情况，该疾病对孕妇等弱势群体的影响程度值得高度关注。尽管怀孕可能是呼吸道病毒感染的危险因素，但孕妇和非孕妇之间观察到的 COVID-19 严重程度没有显着差异。在这种情况下，人们迫切需要担心的是，受感染母亲的后代可能会受到神经发育和神经精神方面的伤害。目前，尚无更有力的证据表明SARS-CoV-2存在垂直传播；然而，在这种疾病中观察到的加剧的炎症反应可能会导致后代大脑出现多种损伤。此外，鉴于关于病毒感染后后代大脑可能产生长期后果的历史知识，我们必须考虑到这可能是 COVID-19 的另一个有害方面。鉴于母婴界面的神经免疫相互作用，我们在此回顾了感染 SARS-CoV-2 的母亲对后代大脑可能产生的有害结果。
神经免疫调节