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Neocortical Anatomy in the South American Plains Vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, Reveals Different Strategies in Encephalic Development among Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha Rodents
Brain, Behavior and Evolution ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 , DOI: 10.1159/000515638
Alejandro Raúl Schmidt 1, 2 , María Constanza Gariboldi 1 , Santiago Andrés Cortasa 1, 2 , Sofía Proietto 1, 2 , María Clara Corso 1, 2 , Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra 1, 2 , Vanina Soledad Jaime 1 , Julia Halperin 1, 2 , Alfredo Daniel Vitullo 1, 2 , Verónica Berta Dorfman 1, 2
Affiliation  

Depending on the presence or absence of sulci and convolutions, the brains of mammals are classified as gyrencephalic or lissencephalic. We analyzed the encephalic anatomy of the hystricomorph rodent Lagostomus maximus in comparison with other evolutionarily related species. The encephalization quotient (EQ), gyrencephaly index (GI), and minimum cortical thickness (MCT) were calculated for the plains vizcacha as well as for other myomorph and hystricomorph rodents. The vizcacha showed a gyrencephalic brain with a sagittal longitudinal fissure that divides both hemispheres, and 3 pairs of sulci with bilateral symmetry; that is, lateral-rostral, intraparietal, and transverse sulci. The EQ had one of the lowest values among Hystricomorpha, while GI was one of the highest. Besides, the MCT was close to the mean value for the suborder. The comparison of EQ, GI, and MCT values between hystricomorph and myomorph species allowed the detection of significant variations. Both EQ and GI showed a significant increase in Hystricomorpha compared to Myomorpha, whereas a Pearson’s analysis between EQ and GI depicted an inverse correlation pattern for Hystricomorpha. Furthermore, the ratio between MCT and GI also showed a negative correlation for Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha do not differ in their allometric patterning between the brain and body mass, GI and brain mass, and MCT and GI. In conclusion, gyrencephalic neuroanatomy in the vizcacha could have developed from the balance between the brain size, the presence of invaginations, and the cortical thickness, which resulted in a mixed encephalization strategy for the species. Gyrencephaly in the vizcacha, as well as in other Hystricomorpha, advocates in favor of the proposal that in the more recently evolved Myomorpha lissencephaly would have arisen from a phenotype reversal process.
Brain Behav Evol


中文翻译:

南美洲平原的新皮层解剖学比格查克斯,最大的Lagostomus,揭示了Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha啮齿动物脑发育的不同策略。

根据是否存在沟和褶皱,将哺乳动物的大脑分类为脑脑或脑脑。我们分析了Hystricomorph啮齿动物Lagostomus maximus的脑部解剖与其他进化相关物种相比。计算平原比斯加查以及其他同型和同型啮齿类啮齿动物的脑化商(EQ),脑脊髓指数(GI)和最小皮层厚度(MCT)。Vizcacha表现出一个脑矢状脑,其矢状纵裂将两个半球分开,并有3对双侧对称的沟。即侧鼻,顶内和横沟。情商在Hystricomorpha中是最低的值之一,而GI是最高的之一。此外,MCT接近于子订单的平均值。麦角菌种和肌体菌种之间的EQ,GI和MCT值的比较允许检测到显着的变化。情商和胃肠道均显示出与异形体相比,异形体的显着增加,而EQ和GI之间的Pearson分析则描绘了Hystricomorpha的反相关模式。此外,MCT与GI之间的比例也显示出Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha的负相关。我们的系统发育分析表明,Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha在大脑和体重,GI和脑质量以及MCT和GI之间的异构模式上没有差异。总之,可以通过脑大小,内陷的存在和皮层厚度之间的平衡来发展比斯卡恰的回脑神经解剖结构,从而导致该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。MCT与GI之间的比例也与Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha呈负相关。我们的系统发育分析表明,Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha在大脑和体重,GI和脑质量以及MCT和GI之间的异构模式上没有差异。总之,可以通过脑大小,内陷的存在和皮层厚度之间的平衡来发展比斯卡恰的回脑神经解剖结构,从而导致该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。MCT与GI之间的比例也与Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha呈负相关。我们的系统发育分析表明,Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha在大脑和体重,GI和脑质量以及MCT和GI之间的异构模式上没有差异。总之,可以通过脑大小,内陷的存在和皮层厚度之间的平衡来发展比斯卡恰的回脑神经解剖结构,从而导致该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。我们的系统发育分析表明,Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha在大脑和体重,GI和脑质量以及MCT和GI之间的异构模式上没有差异。总之,可以通过脑大小,内陷的存在和皮层厚度之间的平衡来发展比斯卡恰的回脑神经解剖结构,从而导致该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。我们的系统发育分析表明,Hystricomorpha和Myomorpha在大脑和体重,GI和脑质量以及MCT和GI之间的异构模式上没有差异。总之,可以通过脑大小,内陷的存在和皮层厚度之间的平衡来发展比斯卡恰的回脑神经解剖结构,从而导致该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。Vizcacha的回脑神经解剖学可能是由于大脑大小,内陷和皮层厚度之间的平衡而发展起来的,这导致了该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。Vizcacha的回脑神经解剖学可能是由于大脑大小,内陷和皮层厚度之间的平衡而发展起来的,这导致了该物种的混合脑化策略。比斯卡查人以及其他Hystricomorpha中的Gyrencephaly都拥护这一提议,即在最近进化的Myomorpha lissencephaly可能是由表型逆转过程引起的。
脑行为进化
更新日期:2021-04-29
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