Myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) leads to imbalanced autonomic control that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. To systematically examine how autonomic function responds to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment, we analyzed data of 27 CAD patients who had admitted for PCI in this pilot study. For each patient, five-minute resting electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were collected before and after the PCI procedure. The time intervals between ECG collection and PCI were both within 24 h. To assess autonomic function, normal sinus RR intervals were extracted and were analyzed quantitatively using traditional linear time- and frequency-domain measures [i.e., standard deviation of the normal-normal intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), powers of low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components, LF/HF] and nonlinear entropy measures [i.e., sample entropy (SampEn), distribution entropy (DistEn), and conditional entropy (CE)], as well as graphical metrics derived from Poincaré plot [i.e., Porta’s index (PI), Guzik’s index (GI), slope index (SI) and area index (AI)]. Results showed that after PCI, AI and PI decreased significantly (p < 0.002 and 0.015, respectively) with effect sizes of 0.88 and 0.70 as measured by Cohen’s d static. These changes were independent of sex. The results suggest that graphical AI and PI metrics derived from Poincaré plot of short-term ECG may be potential for sensing the beneficial effect of PCI on cardiovascular autonomic control. Further studies with bigger sample sizes are warranted to verify these observations.

中文翻译：

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经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者心率变异性的短期影响

冠心病（CAD）患者的心肌缺血会导致自主控制失衡，从而增加发病和死亡的风险。为了系统地检查植物神经功能对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的反应，我们分析了该研究中27位已接受PCI的CAD患者的数据。对于每位患者，在PCI手术前后均收集了五分钟的静息心电图（ECG）信号。ECG收集和PCI之间的时间间隔均在24小时之内。为了评估自主神经功能，提取正常窦性RR间隔，并使用传统的线性时域和频域测量方法进行定量分析[即，正常-正常间隔的标准偏差（SDNN），连续差的均方根（RMSSD） ，低频（LF）和高频（HF）分量的功率（LF / HF）和非线性熵测度[即，样本熵（SampEn），分布熵（DistEn）和条件熵（CE）]，以及图形从庞加莱图得出的指标[即，波尔塔指数（PI），古兹克指数（GI），坡度指数（SI）和面积指数（AI）]。结果显示，PCI后，AI和PI显着下降（分别为p <0.002和0.015），效果大小分别为0.88和0.70（通过Cohen d静态测量）。这些变化与性别无关。结果表明，从短期心电图的庞加莱图得出的图形化AI和PI指标可能具有潜在意义，可用于感知PCI对心血管自主控制的有益作用。有必要进行更大样本量的进一步研究，以验证这些观察结果。