The platinum nanowires have been verified to be a promising catalyst to promote the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, accurately controlled growth of nanowires in a carbon matrix is achieved for reducing Pt loading. The effects of formic acid concentration and reaction temperature on the morphology and size of the Pt nanowires, as well as their electrochemical performances in a single cell, are investigated. The results showed that the increase in the formic acid concentration results in a volcano trend with the length of Pt nanowires. With increasing reduction temperature, the diameter of Pt nanowires increases while Pt particles evolve from one-dimensional to zero-dimensional up to 40 °C. A mechanism of the Pt nanowires growth is proposed. The optimized Pt nanowires electrode exhibits a power density (based on electrochemical active surface area) 79% higher than conventional Pt/C one. The control strategy obtained contributes to the design and control of novel nanostructures in nano-synthesis and catalyst applications.

铂纳米线已被证明是促进质子交换膜燃料电池性能的有前途的催化剂。在本文中，实现了碳基体中纳米线的精确控制生长，以减少Pt负载。研究了甲酸浓度和反应温度对Pt纳米线的形态和尺寸以及它们在单个电池中的电化学性能的影响。结果表明，甲酸浓度的增加导致火山趋势与Pt纳米线的长度有关。随着还原温度的升高，Pt纳米线的直径增加，而Pt颗粒则从一维演化到零维，直至40°C。提出了铂纳米线生长的机理。优化的Pt纳米线电极的功率密度（基于电化学活性表面积）比传统的Pt / C电极高79％。获得的控制策略有助于纳米合成和催化剂应用中新型纳米结构的设计和控制。