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Written or drawn episodic future thinking cues improves delay discounting in adults
Learning and Motivation ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101727
Katelyn A Carr 1 , Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen 2, 3 , Kelsey Austin 1 , Leonard H Epstein 1
Affiliation  

Delay discounting (DD) describes choices between small, immediate rewards and larger, delayed rewards. Individuals who are high in DD favor small, immediate rewards, and this preference is related to health behaviors including higher energy intake, smoking and less physical activity. Episodic future thinking (EFT) is an intervention in which one thinks about personal positive future events and this decreases DD in adults and children. In previous studies episodic events have been presented as written or auditory cues. Episodic future images are also imagined visually, but the impact of personal visual cues has not been tested. Research examining sensory modality and semantic memory has shown drawn items are associated with better recall than writing or viewing provided images. This study compared drawn versus written episodic future or recent cues on DD. Sixty-nine adults were randomized to one of three groups; EFT-written, EFT-drawn or Episodic recent thinking (ERT)-written cues, and completed a computerized adjusting amount DD task cued with episodic events. Results showed both written and drawn EFT cues had a larger effect on DD than ERT-written cues and individual differences in immediate time perspective moderated this effect. This suggests that drawn and written cues can have similar effects on DD, providing future clinical work flexibility in how to present cues in the field. In addition, presenting drawn cues may improve DD for individuals who have an immediate time perspective.



中文翻译:

书面或绘制的情景未来思维线索可改善成人的延迟贴现

延迟折扣 (DD) 描述了在小的、即时的奖励和更大的、延迟的奖励之间的选择。DD 高的人喜欢小而直接的奖励,这种偏好与健康行为有关,包括更高的能量摄入、吸烟和更少的体力活动。情景未来思维 (EFT) 是一种干预措施,在这种干预措施中,人们会思考个人积极的未来事件,这会减少成人和儿童的 DD。在以前的研究中,情节事件已呈现为书面或听觉提示。情节性的未来图像也是视觉想象的,但个人视觉线索的影响尚未经过测试。检查感官形态和语义记忆的研究表明,与书写或查看提供的图像相比,绘制的项目与更好的回忆相关联。这项研究比较了 DD 上绘制的与书面的情节未来或最近的线索。69 名成年人被随机分配到三组中的一组;EFT 编写、EFT 绘制或情节最近思考 (ERT) 编写的线索,并完成了以情节事件为线索的计算机化调整量 DD 任务。结果表明,书面和绘制的 EFT 提示对 DD 的影响大于 ERT 书写的提示,即时时间视角的个体差异缓和了这种影响。这表明绘制和书写的提示可以对 DD 产生类似的影响,从而为未来的临床工作提供了如何在现场呈现提示的灵活性。此外,呈现绘制的提示可以改善具有即时时间观点的个人的 DD。并完成了以情节事件为线索的计算机化调整量 DD 任务。结果表明,书面和绘制的 EFT 提示对 DD 的影响大于 ERT 书写的提示,即时时间视角的个体差异缓和了这种影响。这表明绘制和书写的提示可以对 DD 产生类似的影响,从而为未来的临床工作提供了如何在现场呈现提示的灵活性。此外,呈现绘制的提示可以改善具有即时时间观点的个人的 DD。并完成了以情节事件为线索的计算机化调整量 DD 任务。结果表明,书面和绘制的 EFT 提示对 DD 的影响大于 ERT 书写的提示,即时时间视角的个体差异缓和了这种影响。这表明绘制和书写的提示可以对 DD 产生类似的影响,从而为未来的临床工作提供了如何在现场呈现提示的灵活性。此外,呈现绘制的提示可以改善具有即时时间观点的个人的 DD。为未来的临床工作提供灵活性,帮助他们在现场呈现线索。此外,呈现绘制的提示可以改善具有即时时间观点的个人的 DD。为未来的临床工作提供灵活性,帮助他们在现场呈现线索。此外,呈现绘制的提示可以改善具有即时时间观点的个人的 DD。

更新日期:2021-04-29
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