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Liability In Solidum in the Law of International Responsibility: A Comment on Guiding Principle 7
European Journal of International Law ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 , DOI: 10.1093/ejil/chaa087
Odette Murray 1
Affiliation  

Abstract
The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law seek to address an issue hitherto unresolved in the law of international responsibility: if two or more states or organizations together cause a single harm to a victim, what are the consequences for suit and reparation? Commentators generally counsel against the use of domestic concepts such as ‘solidary liability’ or ‘joint and several liability’ in international law. This comment highlights the role of domestic analogies in the formulation of the Guiding Principles, focusing on two elements: the application of liability in solidum as the key consequence of multiple responsibility (Principle 10), and ‘concerted action’ (Principle 7) as a condition for multiple responsibility. Both of these concepts can be found in many domestic legal systems, but the Principles place differential weight on domestic analogies in the elaboration of Principles 10 and 7: Principle 10 draws useful analogies with the rationale behind liability in solidum in domestic law, while Principle 7 on concerted action does not rely on related domestic concepts. That is likely for good reason. However, responsibility based on concerted action is a novel basis for responsibility in international law, and therefore its justification is all the more important. The justification provided for Principle 7 is not fully convincing, and its scope of application is uncertain. I query whether the exploration of cognate concepts in domestic legal systems may have helped to justify the rationale for, or the scope of, responsibility based on concerted action.


中文翻译:

国际责任法中的统一责任:对指导原则7的评论

摘要
《国际法共同责任制指导原则》旨在解决国际责任法迄今尚未解决的问题:如果两个或多个国家或组织共同对受害人造成单一损害,诉讼和赔偿的后果是什么?评论员通常建议不要使用国际法中的“综合责任”或“连带责任”等国内概念。该评论强调了国内类比在制定《指导原则》中的作用,着重于两个要素:作为多重责任的关键结果在整体上适用责任(原则10),以及作为“共同行动”的“共同行动”(原则7)。多重责任的条件。这两种概念都可以在许多国内法律体系中找到,但是在制定原则10和原则7时,本原则对国内类比给予了不同的重视:原则10在国内法中对统一责任背后的理由进行了有益的类比,而关于共同行动的原则7不依赖于相关的国内概念。这可能是有充分理由的。但是,基于共同行动的责任是国际法中责任的新颖基础,因此其理由更加重要。原则7所提供的理由尚不完全令人信服,其适用范围还不确定。我质疑在国内法律体系中对同类概念的探索是否可能有助于证明基于共同行动的责任的理由或范围合理。原则10与有用的类比与国内法中统一赔偿责任的依据,而关于协同行动的原则7不依赖于相关的国内概念。这可能是有充分理由的。但是,基于共同行动的责任是国际法中责任的新颖基础,因此其理由更加重要。原则7所提供的理由尚不完全令人信服,其适用范围还不确定。我质疑在国内法律体系中对同类概念的探索是否可能有助于证明基于共同行动的责任的理由或范围合理。原则10与国内法中统一责任背后的理由有很好的比喻,而关于协同行动的原则7不依赖于相关的国内概念。这可能是有充分理由的。但是,基于共同行动的责任是国际法中责任的新颖基础,因此其理由更加重要。原则7所提供的理由尚不完全令人信服,其适用范围还不确定。我质疑在国内法律体系中对同类概念的探索是否可能有助于证明基于共同行动的责任的理由或范围合理。这可能是有充分理由的。但是,基于共同行动的责任是国际法中责任的新颖基础,因此其理由更加重要。原则7所提供的理由尚不完全令人信服,其适用范围还不确定。我质疑在国内法律体系中对同类概念的探索是否可能有助于证明基于共同行动的责任的理由或范围合理。这可能是有充分理由的。但是,基于共同行动的责任是国际法中责任的新颖基础,因此其理由更加重要。原则7所提供的理由尚不完全令人信服,其适用范围还不确定。我质疑在国内法律体系中对同类概念的探索是否可能有助于证明基于共同行动的责任的理由或范围合理。
更新日期:2021-04-29
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