Although the relationship between religion and science has long been the subject of discussion, investigations into the how and why of people's science-religion perspectives are rare. This study examined how epistemic and ontological cognition predict agreement with four science-religion perspectives: conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration. Participants (N = 3911) were Finnish, Danish, and Dutch adults who had answered an online study. Most people held views that were not well captured by the commonly used four categories. When more specific perspectives were examined, differences were found especially in supernatural beliefs, over-mentalizing, and justifications for religious arguments and scientific knowledge. Thinking styles and epistemic sophistication played only a minor role. The results suggest that non-scientists evaluate the relationship between religion and science more based on their ontological beliefs than their epistemic reflection.

中文翻译：

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人们如何看待科学与宗教的关系？认识论和本体论认知的作用

尽管宗教与科学之间的关系长期以来一直是讨论的主题，但对人们科学宗教观点的方式和原因的调查却很少见。本研究探讨了认识论和本体论认知如何预测与四种科学宗教观点的一致性：冲突、独立、对话和整合。参与者 ( N = 3911) 是回答在线研究的芬兰、丹麦和荷兰成年人。大多数人持有的观点并没有被常用的四个类别很好地捕捉到。当审查更具体的观点时，会发现差异，尤其是在超自然信仰、过度心理化以及宗教争论和科学知识的正当性方面。思维方式和认知的复杂性只起了次要的作用。结果表明，非科学家更多地基于他们的本体论信仰而不是他们的认知反思来评估宗教与科学之间的关系。