Microglia are long-lived resident macrophages of the brain with diverse roles that span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to suit their specific brain region. Cerebellar microglia represent an example of such specialization, exhibiting a dynamical, transcriptional, and immunological profile that differs from that of other microglial populations. Here we review the evidence that cerebellar microglia shape the cerebellar environment and are in turn shaped by it. We examine the roles microglia play in cerebellar function, development, and aging. The emerging findings on cerebellar microglia may also provide insights into disease processes involving cerebellar dysfunction.

小胶质细胞是大脑中长期存在的巨噬细胞，在发育、成年和衰老过程中发挥着多种作用。曾经被认为是一个相对同质的群体，人们越来越认识到小胶质细胞是高度专业化的，以适应其特定的大脑区域。小脑小胶质细胞代表了这种专门化的一个例子，表现出与其他小胶质细胞群体不同的动力学、转录和免疫学特征。在这里，我们回顾了小脑小胶质细胞塑造小脑环境并反过来被小脑环境塑造的证据。我们研究小胶质细胞在小脑功能、发育和衰老中发挥的作用。关于小脑小胶质细胞的新发现也可能为涉及小脑功能障碍的疾病过程提供见解。