Based on the finite-time thermodynamics, the optimized round-trip efficiencies of pumped thermal electricity storage (PTES) and pumped cryogenic electricity storage (PCES) are derived under different optimization criteria, which include maximum power optimization, efficiency power optimization, ecological optimization, and unified trade-off optimization. The effect of charging and discharging time ratio on the optimized round-trip efficiency (ORTE) of PTES and PCES systems is investigated. The upper and lower bounds of ORTE under different optimization criteria are reached when the charging and discharging time ratio tend, respectively, to infinity or zero. The optimized performance of PTES and PCES systems under different optimization criteria is compared, and it is found that the ecological optimization and unified trade-off optimization of PTES and PCES systems can give more superior performance.

根据有限时间热力学，在不同的优化标准下得出了抽水蓄热（PTES）和抽水低温蓄热（PCES）的最佳往返效率，包括最大功率优化，效率功率优化，生态优化，和统一的权衡优化。研究了充放电时间比对PTES和PCES系统的最佳往返效率（ORTE）的影响。当充放电时间比分别趋于无穷大或为零时，达到了不同优化标准下ORTE的上限和下限。比较了不同优化标准下PTES和PCES系统的优化性能，