Exploration deep into the ocean and earth calls for power systems that can tolerant extremely high pressure, e.g. the pressure reaches up to 110 MPa at seafloor of Mariana Trench. In this work, we report for the first time the effects of 115 MPa external high pressure on mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) as an anode for lithium ion battery (LIB), from crystal structural variation and Li⁺ ion diffusion in material, to micromorphology evolution of material and electrode, as well as electrochemical performance of both coin cells and 42 Ah format pouch cells. Results reveal that the crystal change of MCMB is elastic and the pores within the particles are compressed, while the micromorphology is kept when pressure applied. The electrode porosity is remarkably reduced. However, the electrochemical performance is not affected when the discharge/charge rate is moderate. Moreover, theoretical calculation results suggest that high external pressure over 4.2 GPa may affect the diffusion of Li⁺ ions differently in dilute and densely lithiated graphite. These findings demonstrate that LIB based on MCMB anode could withstand pressure at least up to 115 MPa, which is critical for future deep sea and under-earth explorations.

深入海洋和地球的探索要求电力系统能够承受极高的压力，例如，在玛丽安娜海沟的海底压力达到110 MPa。在这项工作中，我们首次报告了115 MPa的外部高压对中碳微珠（MCMB）作为锂离子电池（LIB）阳极的影响，原因是晶体结构变化和Li ⁺离子在材料中的扩散，材料和电极的微观形貌演变以及纽扣电池和42 Ah格式袋式电池的电化学性能。结果表明，MCMB的晶体变化是弹性的，颗粒内的孔被压缩，而施加压力时其微观形态得以保持。电极孔隙率显着降低。然而，当放电/充电速率适中时，电化学性能不受影响。此外，理论计算结果表明，高于4.2 GPa的高外部压力可能会影响Li ⁺的扩散。稀和浓锂化石墨中的离子不同。这些发现表明，基于MCMB阳极的LIB可以承受至少115 MPa的压力，这对于将来的深海和地下勘探至关重要。