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Stage-structured ontogeny in resource populations generates non-additive stabilizing and de-stabilizing forces in populations and communities
Oikos ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 , DOI: 10.1111/oik.08099
Paul Glaum 1 , John Vandermeer 2
Affiliation  

Demographic heterogeneity influences how populations respond to density dependent intraspecific competition and trophic interactions. Distinct stages across an organism's development, or ontogeny, are an important example of demographic heterogeneity. In consumer populations, ontogenetic stage structure has been shown to produce categorical differences in population dynamics, community dynamics and even species coexistence compared to models lacking explicit ontogeny. The study of consumer–resource interactions must also consider the ontogenetic stage structure of the resource itself, particularly plants, given their fundamental role at the basis of terrestrial food webs. We incorporate distinct ontogenetic stages of plants into an adaptable multi-stage consumer–resource modeling framework that facilitates studying how stage specific consumers shape trophic dynamics at low trophic levels. We describe the role of density dependent demographic rates in mediating the dynamics of stage-structured plant populations. We then investigate how these demographic rates interact with consumer pressure to influence stability and coexistence in multiple stage-specific consumer–resource interactions. Results detail how density dependent effects across distinct ontogenetic stages in plant development produce non-additivity in the drivers of dynamic stability both in single populations and in consumer–resource settings, challenging the ubiquity of certain traditional ecological dynamic paradigms. We also find categorical differences in the population variability induced by herbivores consuming separate plant stages. Consumer–resource models, such as plant–herbivore interactions, often average out demographic heterogeneity in populations. Here, we show that explicitly including plant demographic heterogeneity through ontogeny yields distinct dynamic expectations for both plants and herbivores compared to traditional consumer–resource formulations. Our results indicate that efforts to understand the demographic effect of herbivores on plant populations may need to also consider the effects of plant demographics on herbivores and the reciprocal relationship between them.

中文翻译:

资源种群中的阶段结构个体发育在种群和社区中产生非加性稳定和破坏稳定的力量

人口统计学异质性影响种群对密度依赖的种内竞争和营养相互作用的反应。生物体发育或个体发育的不同阶段是人口异质性的一个重要例子。在消费者群体中,与缺乏明确个体发育的模型相比,个体发育阶段结构已被证明会在种群动态、群落动态甚至物种共存方面产生分类差异。考虑到它们在陆地食物网基础上的基本作用,消费者-资源相互作用的研究还必须考虑资源本身的个体发育阶段结构,尤其是植物。我们将植物的不同个体发育阶段整合到一个适应性强的多阶段消费者资源建模框架中,该框架有助于研究阶段特定消费者如何在低营养水平上塑造营养动态。我们描述了密度依赖人口统计率在调节阶段结构植物种群动态中的作用。然后,我们研究这些人口统计率如何与消费者压力相互作用,以影响多个特定阶段的消费者-资源互动中的稳定性和共存。结果详细说明了植物发育中不同个体发育阶段的密度依赖性效应如何在单一种群和消费者资源环境中的动态稳定性驱动因素中产生非可加性,从而挑战某些传统生态动态范式的普遍性。我们还发现食草动物消耗不同植物阶段引起的种群变异性的分类差异。消费者 - 资源模型,例如植物 - 草食动物的相互作用,通常会平均人口中的人口统计异质性。在这里,我们表明,与传统的消费者资源配方相比,通过个体发育明确包括植物人口统计异质性对植物和食草动物产生不同的动态预期。我们的结果表明,努力了解食草动物对植物种群的人口统计影响可能还需要考虑植物人口统计对食草动物的影响以及它们之间的相互关系。通常平均计算人口中的人口统计异质性。在这里,我们表明,与传统的消费者资源配方相比,通过个体发育明确包括植物人口统计异质性对植物和食草动物产生不同的动态预期。我们的结果表明,努力了解食草动物对植物种群的人口统计影响可能还需要考虑植物人口统计对食草动物的影响以及它们之间的相互关系。通常平均计算人口中的人口统计异质性。在这里,我们表明,与传统的消费者资源配方相比,通过个体发育明确包括植物人口统计异质性对植物和食草动物产生不同的动态预期。我们的结果表明,努力了解食草动物对植物种群的人口统计影响可能还需要考虑植物人口统计对食草动物的影响以及它们之间的相互关系。
更新日期:2021-07-04
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