Biofilm formation in bacteria is strongly affected by the nature of substrata. Different substrata such as glass, polystyrene, steel, ceramic, and rubber were used to assess the biofilm forming ability of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PFL-P1 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The bacterium formed dense biofilms with varied aggregation on different substrata. SEM study revealed small rod-shaped cells with diverse arrangements within the biofilms on all the substrata under study. The AFM study revealed the highest roughness of 545 nm on the ceramic substratum. The biofilms formed on ceramic substratum were characterized with maximum roughness (742 nm), maximum peak height (1,480 nm), and maximum arithmetic mean height (611 nm), significantly higher than all the other substrata (p < .05). AFM studies confirmed that P. aeruginosa PFL-P1 exhibited biofilm heterogeneity on all the substrata. The CLSM study indicated a higher fraction of nucleic acids to α-polysaccharides ratio in the biofilms. COMSTAT analysis revealed the highest biofilm biomass of ~18 μm³/μm² on the ceramic substratum. The maximum biofilm thickness of ~50 μm in the native state on the ceramic substratum was significantly higher than glass (p = .0015), polystyrene (p = .0001), steel (p = .0035), and rubber substrata (p = .0001). The higher surface roughness of ceramic substratum is accountable for more area for colonization, as evident from higher biomass and thickness of the biofilm. This study provides insight into the substratum properties, which modulate the biofilm forming ability in bacteria.

中文翻译：

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评估海洋细菌铜绿假单胞菌 PFL-P1 在不同基质上生物膜形成能力的显微技术

细菌中生物膜的形成受基质性质的强烈影响。使用玻璃、聚苯乙烯、钢、陶瓷和橡胶等不同基质来评估海洋细菌铜绿假单胞菌的生物膜形成能力PFL-P1 使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜 (CLSM)。该细菌在不同的基质上形成具有不同聚集的致密生物膜。SEM 研究揭示了在研究的所有基质上的生物膜内具有不同排列的小杆状细胞。AFM 研究显示陶瓷基底上的最高粗糙度为 545 nm。在陶瓷基质上形成的生物膜具有最大粗糙度 (742 nm)、最大峰高 (1,480 nm) 和最大算术平均高度 (611 nm)，显着高于所有其他基质 ( p  < .05)。AFM 研究证实铜绿假单胞菌PFL-P1 在所有基质上都表现出生物膜异质性。CLSM 研究表明生物膜中核酸与 α-多糖的比例更高。COMSTAT 分析显示，陶瓷基质上的最高生物膜生物量约为 18 μm ³ /μm ²。陶瓷基质上天然状态下~50 μm 的最大生物膜厚度显着高于玻璃 ( p  = .0015)、聚苯乙烯 ( p  = .0001)、钢 ( p  = .0035) 和橡胶基质 ( p = .0001）。从较高的生物量和生物膜厚度可以看出，陶瓷基质的较高表面粗糙度导致更多的定植区域。这项研究提供了对调节细菌生物膜形成能力的基质特性的深入了解。